3･1운동 시기 세브란스 외국인 선교사들의 대응: 스코필드와 에비슨을 중심으로
The March 1st Independence Movement and Reactions of the Missionaries at Severance Hospital and Severance Union Medical College
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This article deals with Frank W. Schofield and Oliver R. Avison, who were two of the missionaries who most actively reacted to the March 1st Independence Movement. They shared a common identity as missionaries and Canadians. As Canadians, they could take advantage of the amiable relationship between Britain and Japan. From the outset, they were supportive of the March 1st Independence Movement and endeavored to help the movement, criticizing the Japanese authorities’ brutal crackdown on street protests. Schofield was able to assist the movement because of the support of Avison, along with Armstrong, the Secretary of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission. He was threatened by the Japanese police for his activities in support of the movement, which caused him to return home in April 1920. Back in Canada, he continued to give speeches and write about the situation in Korea. Avison could not show his sympathy for the March 1st Movement as overtly as Schofield did because of his responsibilities at Severance Hospital, its Medical College, and Yeonhi College. However, he tried his best by criticizing Japanese colonialism and conveying information about the situation in Korea overseas. His membership in the Commission on Relations with the Orient of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America was related to this. When he went back to the United States after retirement, he helped Syngman Rhee’s activities toward Korean independence. Further, he organized the Christian Friends of Korea with American and Canadian colleagues to support the approval of the Korean Provisional Government and the independence movement of Koreans.
Abstract
This article deals with Frank W. Schofield and Oliver R. Avison, who were two of the missionaries who most actively reacted to the March 1st Independence Movement. They shared a common identity as missionaries and Canadians. As Canadians, they could take advantage of the amiable relationship between Britain and Japan. From the outset, they were supportive of the March 1st Independence Movement and endeavored to help the movement, criticizing the Japanese authorities’ brutal crackdown on street protests. Schofield was able to assist the movement because of the support of Avison, along with Armstrong, the Secretary of the Canadian Presbyterian Mission. He was threatened by the Japanese police for his activities in support of the movement, which caused him to return home in April 1920. Back in Canada, he continued to give speeches and write about the situation in Korea. Avison could not show his sympathy for the March 1st Movement as overtly as Schofield did because of his responsibilities at Severance Hospital, its Medical College, and Yeonhi College. However, he tried his best by criticizing Japanese colonialism and conveying information about the situation in Korea overseas. His membership in the Commission on Relations with the Orient of the Federal Council of the Churches of Christ in America was related to this. When he went back to the United States after retirement, he helped Syngman Rhee’s activities toward Korean independence. Further, he organized the Christian Friends of Korea with American and Canadian colleagues to support the approval of the Korean Provisional Government and the independence movement of Koreans.
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