실러(Friedrich von Schiller)의 미학에서 미적 교육의 예술 철학적 의미: 미 개념을 중심으로
A Study of Schiller’s Aesthetic Education of Man: His Philosophy of Art with a Focus on the Beauty Concept
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본 논문은 실러가 주장하는 ‘미적 교육’의 의미를 철학적 관점에서 연구하고자 기획되었다. 실러는 시인, 극작가, 소설가, 역사가로 알려져 있으며 특히 괴테와 함께 독일 고전주의 문학의 거장으로 알려져 있다. 실러의 중요한 철학 저서인 『On The Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters(1795)』는 예술 철학의 관점에서 연구가 필요한 영역이다. 논자는 실러의 시와 많은 문학작품을 통해서 추출해 낸 철학적 성찰의 정점에 On The eAsthetic Education of Man이 있다고 보고 이후 『빌헬름 텔 (1804)』과 같은 문학작품을 완성하는데 중요한 기반을 형성하였다고 주장한다. 이를 위하여 실러가 말하는 ‘미적 교육’에 대한 철학적/미학적 의미를 논구하기 위하여 중요한 개념인 ‘미’, ‘아름다움’이라는 개념에 주목하고자 한다. 실러가 미적 교육에서 중요하다고 보았던 미 개념에 대한 반성은 칸트의 미학과 깊이 연관되어 있다. 실러는 칸트가 『판단력비판』에서 언급한 주관주의적인 미를 극복하고자 하였다. 연구를 통해 실러가 주장하는 미의 개념을 철학적 논의를 바탕으로 분석하고, 미적 교육이 온전한 인간상과 고귀한 인간적 품성에 이르는데 기여한다는 점을 강조하여 인간학으로서 미학의 위상을 논의한다.
Abstract
Schiller (1759-1805) was a wide-ranging author--a poet, playwright, novelist, historian, and a master of German classical prose literature comparable to Goethe. Most past analyses of Schiller’s importantphilosophical book On The Aesthetic Education of Man in a Series of Letters (1795) concentrate only on the pedagogical philosophy instead of the aesthetic philosophy embedded in the work. In this work, he revealed a different philosophy of art than his contemporaries, particularly Kant. Therefore, this paper examines the meaning of Schiller’s "aesthetic education" more from the point of view of his aesthetics. Schiller says that an aesthetic core concept of beauty in education will be needed, so he explores what he means by beauty and what he associates with the concept. I argue that Schiller was pushing key concepts to differentiate himself from Kant’s aesthetics mentioned in the "Critique of Judgment." Schiller feels that a more objective concept of beauty as a ‘standard’ is something that aids in our reaching for full humanity and for what he felt were other noble human social qualities, unlike Kant’s more subjective view of aesthetics.
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