서유럽의 극우와 중·동부유럽의 극우 비교연구
Comparative Studies on the Far Right Parties in Western Europe and East Central Europe
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유럽에서 극우는 더 이상 개별 국가에 한정되어 나타나는 현상이 아니다. 외국인혐오주의, 반-무슬림, 반-유대주의, 인종주의는 유럽의 많은 국가에서 존재하고, 상호 연대를 통한 국제적 네트워크를 형성하고 있다. 사회적인 불평등, 차별, 심지어는 폭력에 이르는 행동들이 유럽의 많은 국가에서 벌어지고 있고 그것은 점차 사회의 중대한 문제로 등장하고 있다. 최근의 극우현상은 특히 경제악화라는 상황에서 ‘타자’에 대한 적대감을 이용하여 더욱 더 심각한 사회 문제가 되고 있다. 유럽의 극우는 서유럽과 중·동부유럽에서 많은 차이를 보이고 있다. 표면적으로는 민족주의와 인종주의 그리고 자국민주의를 내세우는 등 양자가 많은 공통점을 보이고 있지만, 서유럽의 주류 극우가 민주주의 자체에 대한 반대를 하지 않는다고 할 때, 중·동부유럽에서의 극우는 민주주의와 질서에 공공연하게 대항하고 있다는 측면에서 훨씬 더 심각한 문제가 아닐 수 없다. 이러한 측면에서 본 논문은 서유럽의 극우와 중·동부유럽의 극우가 어떤 배경을 통해 등장했으며, 그들의 현재의 영향력은 어느 정도이고 또 어떤 측면에서 상이한지를 밝혀내려는 목적을 지니고 있다.
Abstract
The phenomenon of far right in Europe is no longer limited to the individual countries. Xenophobia, anti-Muslim, anti-Semitism, racism exists in many countries of Europe, and the extreme right parties have been co-operating through international networks. Social inequality, discrimination and even violence by far rights are ubiquitous in many European countries, and it gradually has emerged as a serious social problems. Recent extreme-right phenomenon, especially in the context of economic deterioration, hostilities to 'others' have become even more serious social problems. Despite of a lot of similarities, there are many differences between far right in Western Europe and East Central Europe. While the mainstream far-right parties in Western European don't oppose to democracy itself, far-right in East Central Europe often opposes to democracy and resists the existing system, which can take the state to be unstable and insecure. From this perspective, the aim of this paper is to reveal out the backgrounds on which the far rights have been based and the influence of far rights parties. And last I try to analyze the differences between far rights in Western Europe and East Central Europe in what respects.
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