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초등교사의 사회정서역량이 교사의 웰빙에 미치는 영향: 정서행동상 어려움을 보이는 학생 비율 및 학교풍토의 조절효과 탐색

The Effects of Elementary School Teachers' Social-Emotional Competence on Well-Being: Moderation by Students' Emotional-Behavioral Needs and School Climate

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교사의 사회정서역량은 교사의 웰빙에 기여할 수 있는 개인 내적 자원으로 주목받고 있으나, 한국초등교사를 대상으로 수행된 연구는 매우 제한되어 있다. 본 연구는 초등학교 담임교사의 사회정서역량과 교사 웰빙 간의 관계를 확인하고, 그 관계에서 학급 내 정서ㆍ행동상 어려움을 보이는 학생의 비율 및 학교풍토가 조절하는지 검증하는 것에 목적을 두고 수행되었다. 본 연구는 전국에서 수집된223명의 초등학교 담임교사의 설문조사 자료를 활용하여 수행되었다. 분석 결과, 초등학교 담임교사의 사회정서역량은 연구에 포함된 네 가지 교사 웰빙 지표(긍정적 정서, 불안ㆍ우울, 직무만족도, 직무소진) 모두와 유의한 관계에 있음이 확인되었다. 상호작용 효과 검증 결과, 교사의 사회정서역량과 정서ㆍ행동상 어려움을 보이는 학생의 비율 간에 통계적으로 유의한 상호작용이 확인되었다. 정서ㆍ행동상 어려움을 보이는 학생의 비율이 높아짐에 따라 교사의 사회정서역량의 긍정적 정서, 직무만족도에 대한 촉진효과는 약화되고, 교사의 사회정서역량의 불안ㆍ우울, 직무소진에 대한 보호효과는 약화되는 것으로 나타났다. 반면, 교사의 사회정서역량과 학교풍토의 상호작용은 유의하지 않았다. 본 연구결과는 교사의 웰빙 증진을 위해 교사의 사회정서역량 향상을 위한 지원이 필요함과 사회정서역량과 상호작용하는 교육환경에 대한 체계적 지원이 필요함을 시사한다.

Abstract

Teachers’ social-emotional competence (SEC) has been recognized as a personal resource that may contribute to their well-being. However, empirical evidence has been limited in Korea. This study aimed to examine the relationship between SEC and well-being among Korean elementary school homeroom teachers and to explore whether this relationship is moderated by the proportion of students with emotional and behavioral difficulties in their classrooms and the school climate. Survey data were collected from a nationwide voluntary sample of 223 elementary school homeroom teachers. The results showed that teachers’ SEC was significantly related to all four indicators of teacher well-being: positive affect, anxiety and depression, job satisfaction, and job burnout. Interaction analysis revealed that the promotive effects of teachers’ SEC on positive affect and job satisfaction weakened as the proportion of students with emotional and behavioral difficulties increased. In addition, the protective effects of teachers’ SEC on their own anxiety, depression, and job burnout also diminished with an increase in the proportion of such students. Meanwhile, there was no significant interaction between teachers’ SEC and school climate. The findings suggest a need for intervention programs to enhance teachers’ SEC in order to promote their well-being, as well as systematic support to create an educational environment where teachers can effectively leverage their SEC at school.

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