文化大革命과 戚本禹(1931~2016)

Abstract

This study reexamined the Chinese Cultural Revolution based on Qi Benyu and his memoirs, as he played a leading role in the Central Cultural Revolution Group as a member. More concretely I concentrated on his three main aspects; the members of the Central Cultural Revolution Group, the young historian, and the clique of radicalism. Through this research I tried to investigate the important problems as follows; first why Qi Benyu who played the role as the victim and the attacker at the same time in the Cultural Revolution did not withdraw his support to Mao Zedong and his Revolution until death, second how he could produce the situation of the South-Yao Wenyuan North-Qi Benyu(“南姚北戚”) by taking his high level position that allowed him to lead the radicalization of the Cultural Revolution, third why and how he suddenly lost his position due to the incident of Wang Li․Guan Feng․Qi Benyu(“王․關․戚事件”). Qi Benyu was not only actively engaged in public activities based on the trust instilled in him from Mao Zedong and Jiang Qing, but also actively argued the history of the revolution and tried to prove that his own revolutionary activities had historical appropriateness. Even though Qi Benyu lost his position due to being considered part of the “Clique of Ultra-Leftism”, he didn’t lose his faith in Mao Zedong and the fact that the idea and the action of the Cultural Revolution were just. This caused him to seriously reflect upon himself and try to gain understanding the changes of Mao’s ways. Also, he had an argument that was opposed to the orthodox estimation about Liu Shaoqi, Deng Xiaoping, Zhou Enlai, Chen Boda, Jiang Qing, and Wang Li. In retrospect of Qi Benyu’s memoirs of the Cultural Revolution, I believe that this reexamined knowledge will contribute to overcome a one-dimensional, sociological, ideological understanding of Cultural Revolution, and could help recreate a new perspective of the Cultural Revolution as history.