이르지 볼케르(Jiří Wolker)의 사회 발라드와 임화(林和)의 단편서사시 비교연구

Abstract

Although both social ballad developed by Jiří Wolker, the representative of Czech proletarian poetry and 'short epic' cultivated by Im Wha, the representative of Czech proletarian poetry are oriented toward the epic genre, they are weak in their action and plot compared to the classical epic poetry. So their social ballad and short epic relies more on the monumentality of the characters as well as the symbolization. However such monumentality and symbolization causes the sentimentalism and conventionalism of their works, which, on the other hand, provide with a key to solve the problem of their too much ideology oriented proletarian poetry and also to meet the demand of the popularization of art. The introduction of heroins and the combination of ideology with love in their works is connected with the popularization of art as well. There are differences between the Wolker's social ballad and Im Wah's short epic in the fact that Wolker's ballad are more oriented to the dialogues among the characters whileas Im Wha's short epic more to the discourses, and Wolker's social ballad relies more on the direct dialogues whileas Im Wah's short epic takes a epistolary style which has the addresser and the addressee. The fact that Im Wha's short epic is more ideology oriented than Wolker's is because of the different historical backgrounds of the two countries. Korean proletarian literature of the 1920-1930s has been literature of class consciousness as well as nationalist literature against the exploitation and oppression of the Japanese colonialism and imperialism. Jiří Wolker with his best ballads such as Ballad of the Unborn Child, Ballad of a Dream, Ballad of the Stoker's Eyes included in his second collection of poetry The Difficult Hour (Těžká hodina; 1922) and Im Wha with his best short epics such as Sunee at the Crossroad, Our Elder brother and Fire pot, Under an Umbrella at the Yokohama Harbour (1929) have produced not only their best proletarian poetry but also one of the great works of the modern poetry of their national literatures, and thus they have much contributed to the development of their national literatures.