홍대용과 ‘實地’로서의 유리창－시장의 발견

Abstract

This study was intended for investigating the recognition of the market which appeared in the document of the travel of China by Dae Yong Hong(洪大容) whose nick name is Damheon(1731~1783). In particular, this study was aimed at focusing on Liulichang(琉璃廠) in Bejing to look into its spatial function and the process of self-formation of Joseon envoys(燕行使) in the space. A market has the necessity and convenience of life, enabling humans to live with further expanded possibility. Also, the consumption in the market can arouse the crisis of its being and restriction, for it leads to the destruction of the limited conditions of human survival. The space of a market, which features the liberty of its being and restriction, was deeply attracted by Dae Yong Hong who travelled China in the 18th century. A full of senses and profound knowledge on aesthetic sensitivity, which Dae Yong Hong and his later envoys experienced, occurred at the same time when they discovered the market of Liulichang. For Joseon literary men as enjoys, the market and its products were literature subject-matters, sources of their sensitivity, and a way to open up a new path for realistic aesthetic consciousness. In this aspect, that the attraction of the Joseon envoys to Liuiichang caused them to realize new senses related to their knowledge was a very meaningful discovery of the enjoys, but on the other hand, that was their envy for the culture and civilization of China that produced and consumed fascinating products. While looking at the fascinating market where the value of exchange overweighed the value of use, and while accepting and internalizing the Sino-culture, the envoys in the 18th century had formed themselves as a scholar learning Chinese culture. In the meantime, Dae Yong Hong had reflected a market again based on his contradictory experience of the expansion of senses and the disconnection of recognition in Liulichang. To him, like a theater, a market is recognized as a place where a desires is expanded and is reproduced. His negative recognition on a market seemed to be applied to the criticism on civilization in 「Euisanmundap(毉山問答)」, but, on the other hand, was considered his interest in a market. A market hurts a person's real nature through the consumption of sense and the exchange of a desire, but becomes a place where a person starts realizing the value of life, including living and death. Dae Yong Hong thoroughly investigated conditions of life, practiced them, and changed himself through his experience of Liulichang. In fact, such recognition was created through the process of exploration and practice of Liulichang as ‘the practical side(實地)’. In the aspect, we can call the time and space where his persistent process of self-formation took place as Liulichang as the practical side.