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동유럽 여성의 정치참여: 의회진출을 중심으로

The Political Participation of Women in Eastern European Parliaments

김성진
동유럽발칸연구소 (East European and Balkan Institute)|2018.02|동유럽발칸연구|제42권 제1호|pp. 57-84|DOI http://dx.doi.org/10.19170/eebs.2018.42.1.57

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참고문헌

키워드

Gender Equality양성평등ParliamentEastern Europe여성의 정치참여민주주의 지수Democracy Index동유럽 여성의회진출Women Representation
주제분류학제간연구

초록

동유럽 국가들은 공산체제 붕괴와 함께 ‘유럽으로의 복귀’를 선언하며 민주주의와 시장경제로 체제를 전환했다. 이들의 EU가입은 유럽 복귀를 상 징적으로 보여주었다. 그러나 동유럽 상황은 실질적인 유럽으로의 복귀가 이뤄지지 못했음을 반증한다. 민주주의의 쇠퇴, 정부의 거버넌스 능력 퇴조 에 사회문화적 경쟁력마저 잃었다는 지적이다. 민주주의의 성숙도를 가늠하는 지표 가운데 여성의 정치참여는 양성평등 과 민주주의를 가늠하는 주요 척도이다. 여성의 정치참여가 높은 국가에서 성숙한 민주주의가 운영되고 있다는 사례에 대한 검증된 연구결과가 많다. 본 연구는 이를 토대로 동유럽 여성의 정치참여를 의회진출이라는 틀에 맞추어 동유럽 민주주의를 분석했다. 유엔보고서에 의하면 동유럽 국가 일 부는 여성의 정치진출 지표에서 상위에 있지만 대부분 유럽에서 최하위 수 준이다. 이에 따라 EU는 회원국 여성의 정치 진출을 통한 양성평등을 이루기 위해 2016년부터 3년 계획의 실행방안을 마련해 회원국들에게 실천을 독려하고 있다.

Abstract

After the collapse of state socialism in 1989, most of the Eastern European countries had committed ‘Returning to Europe.’ It was the transition to democracy and market economy. Eastern European governments believed the strategic solution would be joining European Union. Some Eastern European countries had accomplished the process of ‘Acquis Communautaire’ and the Copenhagen Criteria. One of the conditions is gender equality and promotion of women empowerment. But in eastern Europe, there is a mood of deep popular disappointment with democracy. ‘Democracy Index’ of the Eastern Europe by the Economist Intelligence Unit has most dramatic regression of any region during 2010s. This research focuses political participation of women in eastern European parliaments. Some scholars show us that democracy and gender equality form a reinforcing relationship. According to UN sustainable development goals, gender equality means to empower all women and girls. Women representation is an important index of gender equality and democracy. According to IPU, trends in Eastern and Western Europe differ substantially. Share of Eastern countries is 20% or less largely because of the malfunctioning of democracy. EU continuously emphasizes that equality between women and men is one of the European Union’s founding principles.

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