알라쉬(Alash) 정당과 카자흐 자치정부
A Study on the Alash party and Alash Orda Autonomous Government
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The first two decades of the twentieth century was a central period in the Alash national movement as many Kazakhs organized politically and openly expressed their concerns over, and remedies for, tsarist colonization practices, economic and social dislocation, and national–cultural deterioration. February Revolution in 1917 was greeted enthusiastically by Kazakh intelligentsias. The event was seen as marking the beginning of a new era, one in which the Kazakh grievances would receive a fair hearing and former wrongs would be righted. The Kazakh intelligentsias supported the Provisional Government and worked to establish a Kazakh nationalist party, the Alash party, to represent and articulate kazakh national interests in Russia. Their optimism quickly faded as the Provisional Government was overthrown and the Bolsheviks disbanded the democratically elected constitutional convention. Most Kazakh intelligentsia found it difficult to support the new Bolsheviks regime and chose instead to create the Alash Orda autonomous government. This government,which attempted to govern the steppe from 1917 through mid-1919,fought with the various White forces to defeat Bolshevik rule. As the White cause faded in late 1918 and throughout 1919, increasing numbers of Kazakh intelligentsias sought accommodation with the the Bolsheviks. By the end of 1919 virtually all sectors of Kazakh society had acquiesced to Bolshevik rule. Many Kazakh intelligentsia joined the new Soviet government hoping to convince the Bolsheviks of the Kazakh need for cultural and political autonomy.
Abstract
The first two decades of the twentieth century was a central period in the Alash national movement as many Kazakhs organized politically and openly expressed their concerns over, and remedies for, tsarist colonization practices, economic and social dislocation, and national–cultural deterioration. February Revolution in 1917 was greeted enthusiastically by Kazakh intelligentsias. The event was seen as marking the beginning of a new era, one in which the Kazakh grievances would receive a fair hearing and former wrongs would be righted. The Kazakh intelligentsias supported the Provisional Government and worked to establish a Kazakh nationalist party, the Alash party, to represent and articulate kazakh national interests in Russia. Their optimism quickly faded as the Provisional Government was overthrown and the Bolsheviks disbanded the democratically elected constitutional convention. Most Kazakh intelligentsia found it difficult to support the new Bolsheviks regime and chose instead to create the Alash Orda autonomous government. This government,which attempted to govern the steppe from 1917 through mid-1919,fought with the various White forces to defeat Bolshevik rule. As the White cause faded in late 1918 and throughout 1919, increasing numbers of Kazakh intelligentsias sought accommodation with the the Bolsheviks. By the end of 1919 virtually all sectors of Kazakh society had acquiesced to Bolshevik rule. Many Kazakh intelligentsia joined the new Soviet government hoping to convince the Bolsheviks of the Kazakh need for cultural and political autonomy.
참고문헌 (22)
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