터키의 알레비 정체성 문제에 관한 연구
A Study on the identity problem of Alevi in Turkey
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The purpose of this study is to understand the identity problem of Alevi in Turkey. Alevis are the largest religious minority in Turkeyli equal to approximately 25 % of Turkey's current population. Despite the European fashioned declaration of equality and progress, the Ottoman Reforms, namely Tanzimat were ambivalent. The Alevis welcomed the Young Turkish revolution of 1908 but experienced disappointment when five years later an anti-liberal single-party dictatorship was established that made use of Islamist propaganda. However, the Young Turkish revolution of 1908 led the Alevis to an open and collective reaffirmation of their identity. We should not forget that the Kemalists were Young Turks, many of them being old members of Union and Progress like Mustafa Kemal himself. Thus there was personal and ideological continuity from 1913to 1923 and later on. Especially, the jacobinical and de facto racist ethnopolitics toward Easten Alevis formed the dark side of the Kemalists' progressivist authoritarianism in the history of Alevism. In the second half of the 20th century the most profound social change took place in the history of Alevis. This period deals with the end of the traditional, rural Alevi organization. This end coincides with the establishment of an urban Alevi diaspora, resulting from the massive migration of rural people and especially of Eastern Alevis to the urban centers in Turkey and Europe. This end finally led to a spectacular public renaissance of Alevi identity in urban context. In today's political arena Alevis regard themselves as a counterforce to Sunni fundamentalism, ensuring the continued secularism of Turkey. Alevis who have a great interest in blocking the rising fudamentalist influence, are the main allies of the secularist forces and are also searching for alliances with moderate Sunnis against the extremists.
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to understand the identity problem of Alevi in Turkey. Alevis are the largest religious minority in Turkeyli equal to approximately 25 % of Turkey's current population. Despite the European fashioned declaration of equality and progress, the Ottoman Reforms, namely Tanzimat were ambivalent. The Alevis welcomed the Young Turkish revolution of 1908 but experienced disappointment when five years later an anti-liberal single-party dictatorship was established that made use of Islamist propaganda. However, the Young Turkish revolution of 1908 led the Alevis to an open and collective reaffirmation of their identity. We should not forget that the Kemalists were Young Turks, many of them being old members of Union and Progress like Mustafa Kemal himself. Thus there was personal and ideological continuity from 1913to 1923 and later on. Especially, the jacobinical and de facto racist ethnopolitics toward Easten Alevis formed the dark side of the Kemalists' progressivist authoritarianism in the history of Alevism. In the second half of the 20th century the most profound social change took place in the history of Alevis. This period deals with the end of the traditional, rural Alevi organization. This end coincides with the establishment of an urban Alevi diaspora, resulting from the massive migration of rural people and especially of Eastern Alevis to the urban centers in Turkey and Europe. This end finally led to a spectacular public renaissance of Alevi identity in urban context. In today's political arena Alevis regard themselves as a counterforce to Sunni fundamentalism, ensuring the continued secularism of Turkey. Alevis who have a great interest in blocking the rising fudamentalist influence, are the main allies of the secularist forces and are also searching for alliances with moderate Sunnis against the extremists.
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