러시아 ‘네오리얼리즘’ 연구: 시학의 태동과 형성을 중심으로

Abstract

Russian literature experienced the transition from Romanticism to Realism in the 19th century, where after Symbolism rooted in Romanticism formed the general trend of Russian literature at the beginning of the 20th century. By the time Symbolism was in a state of decline, the two independent but reciprocal literary arts systems, i.e. poetry and prose, emerged simultaneously and a new type of prose, wherein both Symbolism and Realism were uniquely amalgamated, began its existence. The prose of 1920s, completed by the combination of poetic metaphysics of Symbolism and a point of view analyzing the daily routines of traditional Realism, brought up the renovation in the layer of formality as well as epistemology. However, the prose of this time is either understood in the extensive paradigm of the literary history of 'Modernism' or regarded as a sporadic phenomenon in reaction to the poetry of the Silver Age before Socialists' Realism was completely established. For this reason, there arises a necessity to study the prose of the early 20th century from a poetic perspective of 'Neorealism', which is considered a more concrete framework for interpretation. To perform an overall and comprehensive study on Russian Neorealism, one needs in fact to be in pursuit of a new possibility for the topography of 20th century Russian literature; at least, by chasing the origin of Russian Neorealism, by contemplating a matter of 'existence' as a perception factor of Neorealist poetics, and by illuminating the poetry of the 20th century as an apparition of Neorealist poetics. This paper, as a preliminary step, mainly investigates the emergence and formation of Neorealism, which is regarded as a new framework for interpretation of the Russian prose of the 20th century. The realization of Neorealist poetics and the aesthetic horizon of Neorealism reflected in the literature of Post-Modernism and Post-Realism are the major topics of further study.