알타이어족 만주퉁구스 제어 수사 체계 분석
Analysis on the Numeral System of Altaic Manchu-Tungus Languages
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초록
This study examined the numeral system of the Manchu-Tungus languages. It focused on basic numerals, decuple and ordinal numerals 1~10. Since they are grouped into the same subfamily, the numeral systems of the Manchu-Tungus languages are quite similar in terms of sound and form. The basic numerals of Evenki, Even, and Negidal of the Northern faction of Tungus are very similar in terms of sound and form; the method of formation for the decuple and the ordinal numerals are the same as “basic numeral + 10” and “basic numeral + ordinal numeral agent marker.” Nanai, Ulch, Orokes, Udege, and Oroch of the Southern faction of Tungus show simultaneous characteristics of the Manchu and the Northern faction of Tungus. Nanai and Ulch are quite similar to Manchu in terms of sound and form, while Orokes and Oroch are similar to Manchu in terms of sound and to Evenki in terms of form, and Udegei is quite similar to Evenki. Regarding the formation method for decuple numerals, with some variation depending on the language group, the languages followed methods similar to either Manchu or Evenki. However, the formation method for the ordinal numerals was “basic numeral + ordinal numeral agent marker – j/j,” which is the same for all languages. Among the among basic numerals of the Manchu-Tungus languages, “three” and “seven” have changed very little in terms of sound and form. Meanwhile, they spread to all language groups and this appears to be attributed to the numerology and number worshiping ideology of the Manchu-Tungus people. For example, the number “three” is a special number connected to the shamanistic worldview and “seven” can be associated with the “moon worshiping ideology,” mother earth or great mother ideology, of the Manchu-Tungus people.
Abstract
This study examined the numeral system of the Manchu-Tungus languages. It focused on basic numerals, decuple and ordinal numerals 1~10. Since they are grouped into the same subfamily, the numeral systems of the Manchu-Tungus languages are quite similar in terms of sound and form. The basic numerals of Evenki, Even, and Negidal of the Northern faction of Tungus are very similar in terms of sound and form; the method of formation for the decuple and the ordinal numerals are the same as “basic numeral + 10” and “basic numeral + ordinal numeral agent marker.” Nanai, Ulch, Orokes, Udege, and Oroch of the Southern faction of Tungus show simultaneous characteristics of the Manchu and the Northern faction of Tungus. Nanai and Ulch are quite similar to Manchu in terms of sound and form, while Orokes and Oroch are similar to Manchu in terms of sound and to Evenki in terms of form, and Udegei is quite similar to Evenki. Regarding the formation method for decuple numerals, with some variation depending on the language group, the languages followed methods similar to either Manchu or Evenki. However, the formation method for the ordinal numerals was “basic numeral + ordinal numeral agent marker – j/j,” which is the same for all languages. Among the among basic numerals of the Manchu-Tungus languages, “three” and “seven” have changed very little in terms of sound and form. Meanwhile, they spread to all language groups and this appears to be attributed to the numerology and number worshiping ideology of the Manchu-Tungus people. For example, the number “three” is a special number connected to the shamanistic worldview and “seven” can be associated with the “moon worshiping ideology,” mother earth or great mother ideology, of the Manchu-Tungus people.
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