알타이어족 몽골어파 수사(數詞) 체계 분석

Abstract

This study compares and analyzes the numeral system of various languages from Mongolian denomination, Dongxiang denomination, Moghol denomination, and Daur denomination which belong to Mongol languages. In Mongol denomination, the basic numerals of ancient written Mongolian, Mongolian, Oirat, and Buryat are quite similar in terms of sound and form. Ordinal numeral suffixes of ancient written Mongolian, Mongolian, and Oirat are quite similar while those of Kalmykia and Buryat matched for initials, however differed from each other for sound and form. Unlike Mongol denomination, Dongxiang denomination involves the deletion of final consonant ‘-n’ in numeral 1 and the deletion of the initial ‘b’ from the basic decuple numeral suffix ‘–ban.’ The basic form of the decuple numeral suffix is ‘-an’, which is the same as the Mongolian denomination, but ordinal numeral marker suffixes are different; ‘-da’ for Dongxiang and Mongolian, ‘-dar’ for Buryat, and ‘-nɛ’ for Bao’an. Sera Uighur has the characteristics of Dongxiang denomination on phonetic level, however, prominent characteristics of Mongolian denomination on grammatic level, and therefore, is placed in the intermediate position between Mongolian denomination and Dongxiang denomination. Six Too numerals of Too denomination have been transmitted and they are similar to the numerals of other Mongolian languages in terms of sound and form, take the ‘root+suffix’ structure, and are estimated to have made full many of Persian numerals. The numerals of Daur language of Daur denomination show many characteristics of Mongolian denomination, but ordinal numeral marker suffixes follow the characteristics of Dongxiang denomination. The numerals that underwent the least changes in terms of sound of form in Mongolian languages are 3, 5, 7 and this is related with the idea of numerals of all Mongol races. Each number has special symbolic meaning; 3 for the view of three worlds in shamanism, 5 for Yin-Yang and the Five Elements, and 7 for the cycles of the moon.