러시아어와 체코어의 s 동반구문 유형비교

Abstract

This paper is an attempt to account for the typology of comitative constructions in Russian and Czech. There are roughly two types of languages in terms of the distribution of comitative constructions. One is a language that does not allow a comitative construction with singular pronominal conjuncts, like Russian. The other is a language in which a structure with a singular pronominal conjunct is possible, like Czech. The paper explores the syntactic structure and why there exist different distributions in Slavic languages. Vassilieva (2001) has claimed that there are two types of plural comitative constructions in Russian: DP-complement and coordination. In contrast, Ionin & Matushansky (2003) proposed that all of the comitative structures are base-generated as adjuncts to an argument DP. In the first part of the paper, I describe various syntactic tests I tried in order to draw a distinction between adjunction and coordination and propose that the Czech comitatives with a singular pronominal can be analyzed as a coordination construction. The second part of the paper addresses the question of how to explain the various distributions of the comitatives in Czech and Russian. Following Stassen’s (2001) assumption on the typology of comitatives, Czech shows a stronger tendency toward being an AND-language than Russian, which is considered a mixed WITH-language. In addition, the tendency is related to the case and tense system of the language.