체코슬로바키아 공산정권의 성립과 붕괴에 대한 소고 - 경제적 원인을 중심으로
A Study on the Establishment and Collapse of the Czechoslovak Communist Party Regime - Focused on Economic Factors
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Thirty years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the dismantling of the Soviet Union in 1991. Those who hoped to build a new state through the socialist revolution thought that they could save everyone from capitalist ravages such as poverty, unemployment, recession, and alienation that imprisoned their lives. However, the liberty of the people was suppressed by the conflicts and struggles between the leaders to gain power and the policies implemented to maintain the dictatorship of the Communist Party. Eventually, corruption caused by unfair distribution was widespread throughout society, and the problem of chronic deprivation emerged in the economy due to continuous decline in production. The experiments of numerous countries, which were formed to realize real freedom and equality due to the problems of the Communist Party regime, ended in failure almost simultaneously. Therefore, it can be said that it is meaningful to examine whether there is a problem with the economic operation under the control of the communist regime. The Czechoslovak economy is a good example of the strengths and weaknesses experienced by the introduction of the planned economy, that is, a country that showed normal economic performance. Czechoslovakia was the most industrialized country among Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, the Czechoslovak economy also had serious problems. The reason is that the Communist Party leadership did not accept the demand for active economic reform. The long-standing dictatorship of the Communist Party's regime rejected radical change, and the planning authorities did not understand exactly what the market needed. The loss of corporate competitiveness, a decrease in market vitality, and an increase in the national fiscal burden resulting from increased subsidies are the main causes of the collapse of the communist regime as well as the Czechoslovak economy.
Abstract
Thirty years have passed since the fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and the dismantling of the Soviet Union in 1991. Those who hoped to build a new state through the socialist revolution thought that they could save everyone from capitalist ravages such as poverty, unemployment, recession, and alienation that imprisoned their lives. However, the liberty of the people was suppressed by the conflicts and struggles between the leaders to gain power and the policies implemented to maintain the dictatorship of the Communist Party. Eventually, corruption caused by unfair distribution was widespread throughout society, and the problem of chronic deprivation emerged in the economy due to continuous decline in production. The experiments of numerous countries, which were formed to realize real freedom and equality due to the problems of the Communist Party regime, ended in failure almost simultaneously. Therefore, it can be said that it is meaningful to examine whether there is a problem with the economic operation under the control of the communist regime. The Czechoslovak economy is a good example of the strengths and weaknesses experienced by the introduction of the planned economy, that is, a country that showed normal economic performance. Czechoslovakia was the most industrialized country among Eastern European countries. Nevertheless, the Czechoslovak economy also had serious problems. The reason is that the Communist Party leadership did not accept the demand for active economic reform. The long-standing dictatorship of the Communist Party's regime rejected radical change, and the planning authorities did not understand exactly what the market needed. The loss of corporate competitiveness, a decrease in market vitality, and an increase in the national fiscal burden resulting from increased subsidies are the main causes of the collapse of the communist regime as well as the Czechoslovak economy.
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