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장내미생물과 퇴행성 신경질환과의 관계

Association of Gut Microbiota with Neurodegenerative Disorders

홍광석|심다희
학교체육연구소 (Physical Education Lab of Chung-Ang University)|2023.09|Asian Journal of Physical Education and Sport Science|제11권 제5호|pp. 131-140

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cognitive functiondementia치매인지기능Alzheimer’s disease알츠하이머 질환장내미생물 유래 대사산물gut microbiota-derived metabolites
주제분류체육

초록

평균수명의 연장으로 건강한 노화에 관한 관심이 높아지고 있으며,치매와 같은 퇴행성 신경질환의 새로운 발병 원인을 규명하고 그에 따른 예방과 치료법을 개발하는 것은 중요하다. 장과 뇌는 장-뇌축(gut-brain axis)을 통해 서로에게 영향을 미치며, 퇴행성 신경질환 중 하나인 경도인지장애와 알츠하이머 질환의 주요 요인으로 장내미생물 불균형(gut dysbiosis)을 들 수 있다. 이에 본연구는 노화로 인한 장내미생물 군집의 변화와 퇴행성 신경질환과의 관계를 규명한 선행연구를 요약하였다.노화는 장내미생물의 종류와 다양성을 감소시키며, 나아가 장내미생물 분포 비율과 유래 대사산물의 부정적 변화를 초래하고 이와 같은장내미생물 불균형은 알츠하이머 질환에서 그심각성이 보고되었다.또한,장내미생물로부터 유래된 대사산물인 짧은 사슬 지방산(Short chain fatty acids, SCFAs)의 감소와 더불어 TMAO(Trimethylamine N-oxide), 아밀로이드, 감마-아미노부티르산(r-aminobutyric acid, GABA)의 변화는 장내미생물 불균형에서 기인하며, 이는 뇌 신경세포 사멸을 초래하여 퇴행성 신경질환을 야기하는 것으로 다양한 선행연구를 통해 밝혀졌다.본총설 연구는 노화로 인한 장내미생물의 변화와 퇴행성 신경질환과의관계를 살펴보았으며,이는 퇴행성 신경질환의 예방과 치료 대책을 모색하기 위한 기초자료로 활용될 것으로 판단된다.

Abstract

As life expectancy increases, there is a growing focus on healthy aging, prompting the need to identify novel and innovative determinants of neurodegenerative disorders such as dementia. In this regard, developing both preventative and therapeutic approaches is crucial. Since the gut and the brain exert mutual influence via the gut-brain axis, gut dysbiosis plays a pivotal role in causing mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. Thus, this comprehensive study sought to summarize previous studies pertaining to age-related changes in the gut microbiome and its intricate relationship to neurodegenerative diseases. Aging contributes to a decline in the abundance and diversity of gut microbiota, consequently leading to adverse changes in microbial distribution and metabolite derived from gut microbiota. This phenomenon of gut dysbiosis has been notably observed in Alzheimer's disease. In addition, several studies have demonstrated that a reduction in short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and alterations in specific metabolites including trimethylamine N-oxide, amyloid, and -aminobutyric acid result from gut dysbiosis. These biochemical and pathological changes result in neuronal cell death, thereby causing the onset of neurodegenerative disorders. This narrative review examined the interplay between age-mediated changes in gut microbiota and neurodegenerative disorders. This study is anticipated to serve as foundational knowledge and data for exploring preventative and therapeutic strategies for neurodegenerative diseases.

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