“모두를 위한 교육”을 표방하는 미국 교사교육프로그램의 주요 쟁점 -미국 위스콘신 매디슨 대학 교사교육프로그램을 중심으로-
The main issues of teacher education programs in the U.S. for "Education for All" - Based on the teacher education program of University of Wisconsin-Madison -
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이 글에서는 미국 교사교육 프로그램에서 제기되고 있는 주요 쟁점을 미국 사회 부가 집중되는 과정에서 진행되는 공적 지원 축소 경향과 연결시켜 이해해 보고자 하였다. ‘다양성’을 기조로 하는 미국 사회 내 공적 예산 축소는, 공적 지원 의존도가 높은 지역의 문제를 더욱 악화시키는 가운데 다양한 배경을 지닌 ‘모두’를 위한 교육을 지향하면서 이론과 실제, 대학과 현장학교와의 교호적 관계를 추구해 온 전통적 교사교육프로그램을 위기에 처하게 만들고 있다. 공적 예산 감소로 교사 해고 등의 어려움을 겪고 있는 도심학교들의 교사 확보 문제에 전통적 교사교육프로그램이 적극 대응하지 못하는 가운데 명문대 출신자들로 하여금 단기교육프로그램을 이수하도록 하여 우수 교사를 확보하기 어려운 도심학교에 배치하는 등의 대체 교사교육프로그램이 사적 영역에서 급속히 팽창하고 있다(예: Teach For America). 이에 전통적 교사교육프로그램을 운영해 온 대학은 교사 전문성 증진을 위한 프로그램의 질적 개선보다는 프로그램을 보다 단기화 하는 등, 변화하는 상황에 대응하는 방안을 모색하는 중이다. 이러한 미국 상황은, 사회적 불평등 심화 경향이 교직의 탈전문화로 이어질 가능성을 전망하게 한다. 또한 이는 불평등 수준이 보다 심화될 것이라 전망되는 우리 사회에서도 그것이 공교육의 토대와 교사교육프로그램에 미칠 영향에 대한 논의가 필요함을 시사해 주고 있다.
Abstract
This paper is an trial to understand the main issues of teacher education programs as the problems of cutting public budget resulting from the concentration of wealth in the US. The public budget cut is making the problems of the areas which cannot choose but rely on the public budget deteriorate. The traditional teacher education programs based on universities, which are trying to make the close relationship between theories and practices, between universities and schools to develop the professionalism of teachers for ‘Education for All’, are in crisis. The alternative teacher education programs such as ‘Teach for America’ which is supplying workers who graduate the famous universities, and are trained by a short course, are expanding while the traditional teacher education programs cannot counteract the problem of teachers' leaving from urban schools. The universities which have had the traditional teacher education programs are trying to shorten the programs rather than to improve the quality of them for promoting the professionalism of teachers. This situation of the US lets us prospect that the trend of deepening of social inequality would lead de-professionalizing of teachers. Furthermore it suggests that it is necessary to prepare for that kind of situation in South Korea.
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