조선 成宗代의 建州三衛

Abstract

This study analyzes the main trends associated with the Jianzhou sanwei (建州三衛, three military commanderies in the Jianzhou area) during early Joseon, and in particular during the reign of King Seongjong. The term Jianzhou sanwei refers to three military garrisons: the Jianzhou benwei (central military commandery) led by Wuliangha and the Jianzhou zuowei (left military commandery) and Jianzhou youwei (right military commandery) under the leadership of Odoli. The Jurchens who populated these Jianzhou sanwei installed by Ming also established a close relationship with Joseon. During the reign of King Seongjong, amicable relations were interspersed with incidents of tension between the two entities. In fact, the relationship between Joseon and the Jianzhou sanwei during the reign of King Seongjong can be said to have exhibited different characteristics during each portion of his rule. While conflicts with the Jianzhou sanwei raised concerns over the safety of the northern area during the early reign of King Seongjong, amicable relations were established between the two sides during the middle period of the reign of King Seongjong, as the Jurchens who populated the Jianzhou sanwei reopened the practice of dispatching envoys to the Joseon royal court. However, conflicts also emerged with the Jianzhou zuowei during the late period of King Seongjong. Based on an analysis of existing study results, the present study examines the relationship between Joseon and the Jianzhou sanwei during the reign of King Seongjong. First, the relationship between Joseon and the Jianzhou sanwei during the early reign of King Seongjong is examined at length. Second, the process that led the Jianzhou sanwei, whose relations with Joseon had been marked by tension since the late period of the reign of King Sejo, to dispatch royal envoys to Joseon is delved into. Lastly, an analysis of how not only the Jianzhou benwei, but also the Jianzhou zuowei and Jianzhou youwei entered into a period of conflict with Joseon during the late portion of the reign of King Seongjong is also carried out herein. These undertakings are intended to shed some much needed light on the so-called 'Jurchen problem' during the reign of King Seongjong, and in particular on the actual state of relations between Joseon and the Jianzhou sanwei during this period. It is expected that this study will help to begin to fill the void in terms of studies on the issue of the Jurchens from the reign of King Seongjong onwards.