저소득층 중학생의 비만도에 따른 스트레스, 자아존중감 및 학교생활 적응과의 차이 분석
Stress, Self-esteem and School Adaptation of Middle School Students from Low Income Class based on Obesity
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초록
본 연구는 저소득층 중학생을 대상으로 비만도에 따른 스트레스, 자아존중감, 학교생활적응의 차이를 조사하였다. 조사 대상자는 지역주민센터 자료를 근거로 저소득층 확정을 받은 기초생활수급자, 차상위 계층 가정의 학생들을 대상으로 2015 년 7월 3일부터 2015년 7월 17일까지 2주간에 걸쳐서 조사하였으며, 조사대상 인원은 총 440명이었다. 비만도 평가는 대한비만학회의 규정에 따라 BMI<18.5은 저체중, 18.5≤BMI≤22.9은 정상, 23.0≤BMI≤24.9은 과체중, BMI≥25.0은 비만으로 분류하였다. 스트레스 조사는 가정환경, 친구, 학업, 교사/학교 등 4가지 하위 영역별로 구분하여, 총 27문항으로 구성된 도구를 활용하였으며, 청소년의 자아존중감에 대해 10문항으로 구성하였으며, 자아존중감 조사지의 신뢰도 값은 Cronbach α=.967 이었다. 청소년의 학교생활적응은 5개 영역으로 구성되어 있고, 5개 영역은 교사관계적응, 교우관계적응, 학교수업적응, 학교생활적응, 학교환경적응 등 이며, 각 영역은 4문항으로 총 20문항으로 구성하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 비만군에서 스트레스 정도가 높게 나타났고, 정상체중군은 스트레스 정도가 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 비만군에서 학교생활 적응이 가장 낮게 나타났으며, 정상체중군은 학교생활 적응이 가장 높게 나타났다. 비만군에서 자아존중감이 가장 낮고, 정상체중군은 자아존중감이가장 높게 나타났다. 비만도는 스트레스와 양의 상관관계를 나타내었으며(p<0.01), 비만도와 학교생활적응은 음의 상관관계를 나타내었으며(p<0.001), 스트레스는 자아존중감과 음의 상관관계를 나타낸다(p<0.01). 스트레스와 학교생활적응은 음의 상관관계를 나타내었고(p<0.01), 학교생활적응은 자아존중감과 양의 상관관계를 나타내었다(p<0.01). 본 연구의 결과를 종합해보면, 저소득층 학생은 비만군의 분포가 가장 높고, 비만군일수록 스트레스 정도가 높으며, 학교생활 적응이 낮고, 자아존중감이 낮게 나타났다.
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the differences in stress, school life adaptation and nutrient intakes according to obesity of middle school students from low income class. The subjects of the survey were selected among students from low income class, confirmed as national basic livelihood security recipients, and classified as lower income group, based on community service center data. As for measurement tools, BMI was calculated, which was used for the measurement of their obesity. For stress, the four-point Likert scale on daily stress was used, which was developed for Korean adolescents by Han (2011). For school life adaptation, the five-point Likert scale by Choi (2010) was used as a measurement tool. For self-esteem, the four-point Likert scale by Lee (2013) was used as a measurement tool. The results of this study were as follows: Most of the students from the low income class belonged to the obese group. Among the middle school students from the low income class of the Daegu area, the obese group had lower scores in all five domains of school life adaptation (teacher relationship, peer relationship, school class, school life, school environment), while the normal weight group had higher school life adaptation. Among the middle school students from the low income class of the Daegu area, the obese group had lower self-esteem, while the normal weight group had higher self-esteem.
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