공공 미디어로서의 극장과 조선민간자본의 문화정치

Abstract

Dongmyung-keukjang[동명극장], Gongnak-kwan[공락관], Wonsan-kwan[원산관] that claim to advocate 'town hall-cum-theatre' began their existence, under the expectation of the space being able to express Joseon society' nationality in 1920s Hamkyung-Do province. This 'town hall-cum-theatre' means the permanent space that the public is able to use anytime, its possessory title belonged to Joseon society. The funds were raised by commercial capitalists. But they didn't assert their privilege of the funds in the early at least. This is because―even if they have accumulated capital under colony system―there were the logic of the moral economy that a part of the accumulated capital has to be used to Joseon society in public. This was based on a interdependencial public spirit intefacing the traditional morality and the donation culture in capitalist societies. And another background was Socialism sensation that formed the basis of social movement in Hamkyung-Do. This logic has the character of moral force for securing the space of symbol struggle. The cultural effect of the moral economy looks the clearest case is Gongnak-kwan. So, on the one hand these theatres satisfied each community's esthetic desires, on the other they became a base of region culture, leaded opinion and agenda, as a public opinion sphere. This complex function means theatre was the important media in mass-media's underdevelopment period. In short, these theatre were the result of cultural plan seeking non-identification with 'Japan' in Japan Empire, as a Joseon society's an alternative public sphere. Of course, even if they all were established Joseon civil capital, the degree of the Public was different depending on the geopolitical location of each region, the political and cultural environment of city, the character of theatre's possession and management's main agents. This, on the other, derived from the countervailing relation between each theatre and colony force. In that they were different by how the system and network being able to use Joseon civil capital in public were set. However, the thought control of police has reformed these theatres. This historical progress is the course that 'town hall-cum-theatre' became downscale to 'theatre', that the possessory title of 'public' moved to Japan Empire.