고려 內職制의 비교사적 고찰 ―요ㆍ금제와의 관련을 중심으로―

Abstract

This article is the study about Nae-Jik-Je(內職制) in Goryeo. Especially it researches in the relation between Goryeo and Liao, Jin. Nae-Jik-Je is the ranking system of women lived in palaces. It includes imperial concubines and court ladies, but this article deals with imperial concubines only. Nae-Jik-Je begain from ancient China, was completed in Sui and Tang dynasty. Its general form is 3 Bu-In(夫人), 9 Bin(嬪), 27 Se-Bu(世婦), 81 U-Chu(御妻). In ancient Korea, the cultural exchange was active between the three kingdoms and China. But Wang-Hu(王后, empress) was called Bu-In(夫人, imperial concubines) and Oe-Myeong-Bu(外命婦, wife or mother of bureaucracy) was called Bu-In, too. It's very different from China. After unification of three kingdoms, it's showed a name of Wang-Hu. So wives of king was named Wang-Hu and Bu-In. In Goryeo dynasty Wang-Hu and Bu-In system was continue. After king Hyun-Jong, Nae-Jik-Je was put in good order. Bu-In was replaced Bi(妃), Its ranking and pay was arranged. But it wasn't showed official posts under Bi like Bin or Se-Bu. Liao was the same as Goryeo, it's the reason for a polygamous tradition in two countries. Nae-Jik-Je is based on patriarch and monogamy. One powerful husband has many wives and only one wife is a legal wife, other wives are concubines. But Goryeo and Liao weren't so, Nae-Jik-Je like China couldn't be developed. After king In-Jong, names of Won-Bi(元妃) and Cha-Bi(次妃) were revealed for an influence of Jin. Jin was also polygamous society, but it received chinese culture, so difference between empress and imperial concubines relatively. In view of the results so far achieved, Nae-Jik-Je of Goryeo isn't related to China but has something to do with north countries like Liao, Jin.