조선전기 한성부 가옥 철거와 정부의 보상실태

Abstract

This article examines the Hanseongbu removal policy in the former period of Joseon as part of the measure to understand spatial reorganization around the infrastructure construction of the city. The government’s removal policy in the former period of Joseon was conducted for various purposes like to temple removal in the capital city according to the policy of worshiping Confucianism, eliminate houses suppressing the main range of the castle or the Royal Sanctuary, remove houses near the castle or official residences for preventing fire, or get rid of houses to build residences for the royal family. The government’s such removal policy in the former period of Joseon has the following characteristics. First, the demolition policy of early Joseon government exhibited periodical changes and local characteristics. The purpose of housing demolitions pushed ahead by government before Sejo's era is in building housings for prince and princess, government buildings, road and also in making space to prevent fire, on the other hand, the demolition after Sungjong's era, demolition policy had in its goal in tearing down the housings that obstruct the vitality of palace based on the theory of divination based on topography. Open space were compensated for the residents of demolished housings until 1502, however, rice or clothes were compensated for market value of demolished housings after 1502. Second, with removing the houses of suppression or residences in tabooed places, the space surrounding the castle was organized into tabooed space, not residential space. The government’s such removal policy was for protecting symbolicity of the castle rather than for enhancing efficiency of the urban space. Third, it resulted in reorganization of the space in Hanseongbu and expansion of the urban space. Although the government’s reward policy for the homeless in the former period of Joseon was principled to give them some vacant land in Hanseongbu, it, in fact, provided them with vacant land outside the capital city like outside Sugumun or Namdaemun for the lack of residential space in Hanseongbu, and it led to the city space expansion or reorganization. As described above, the government’s dwelling removal in the former period of Joseon was oriented to highlighting premodern duality of the reasonability of city organization, feng-shui, and royal authority and the symbolicity of the city. The chief idea for that spatial removal was based on the logic of geomantic studies. The geomantic studies’ idea of spatial removal had bigger impact on highlighting the symbolicity of the city rather than enhancing efficiency of the city operation in the removal policy for Hanseongbu, the planned city. Removing houses of suppression and residences around tabooed places based on geomantic studies was to protect the symbolicity of royal authority, and the national removal in the former period of Joseon was not mere slum removal but aimed to establish space to highlight symbolicity of the city based on the discriminative and separate idea.