위험에 처한 생명의 가치에 대한 무감각과 일반인 합리주의
Insensitivity to the value of lives at risk and lay rationalism
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구할 수 있는 생명의 수는 같은데 전체 집단의 크기가 증가할수록 위험에 처한 생명을 구하려는 의도가 감소하는 현상이 정신물리적 무감각이다. 본 연구는 정신물리적 무감각이 일반인 합리주의 - 감정보다 이성을 사용하여 판단과 결정을 내려야 한다는 관점 -와 관련이 있다는 새로운 가설을 제안하고 합동평가 양식으로 검증하였다. 실험 1은 일반인 합리주의 성격 특성의 개인차에 따라 정신물리적 무감각의 차이가 나타나는지를 살펴보았다. 일반인 합리주의 성향이 낮은 집단에 비해 높은 집단에서 더 강한 정신물리적 무감각이 발견되었다. 실험 2에서는 가짜 심리검사 결과를 이용하여 일반인 합리주의 수준을 증가시킨 실험집단과 통제집단을 비교한 결과 실험집단의 정신물리적 무감각이 통제집단보다 더 강한 것으로 나타났다. 이것은 일반인 합리주의가 정신물리적 무감각의 원인이라는 것을 가리킨다. 선행이론들 – 감정 휴리스틱과 평가용이성 가설 - 과 비교하여 이론적 측면에서의 본 연구결과의 중요성과 활용에 대해 논의하였다.
Abstract
Psychophysical numbing refers a phenomenon in which the intention of saving a fixed number of lives decreases as the total number of lives at risk increases. The present research proposed a new hypothesis that lay rationalism, namely the notion of using reason rather feelings to guide judgments and decisions, is related to psychophysical numbing, and confirmed using joint evaluation. The first experiment examined difference of psychophysical numbing according to individual difference in lay rationalism as personality trait. Psychophysical numbing was significantly stronger in participants who are more lay rationalistic than participants who are less lay rationalistic. In second experiment, significantly stronger psychophysical numbing was found in experimental group increased lay rationalism using fake psychological test results than control group. This indicated that lay rationalism is a cause for psychophysical numbing. Compared to previous theories, namely affect heuristic and evaluability hypothesis, the importance in theoretical aspect which present results have, and implication were discussed.
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