중국과 미국의 문화산업 무역관계(2012-2021)

Abstract

China, a large exporter, and the United States, a large importer, wield significant influence on the development of the global cultural industry. We analyze the degree of interdependence between the two countries, as well as their competitive relationship in cultural product trade. This study analyzes the cultural industry trade relationship between China and the United States from 2012 to 2021, by comprehensively examining not only competitiveness, but also trade intensity, focusing on the trade specialization index (TSC) and modified intensity of trade (TI) analysis. The measurement results of TSC are as follows. China's exports of cultural products to the United States are more specialized than those to the rest of the world. Except in the audiovisual product sector, there is strong competitiveness in the craft and design sectors within the global market. In the US market, export specialization is shown not only in the world market, but also in the new media and performing arts sectors. The US is competitive only in the field of audiovisual products in both, the Chinese and the world markets, demonstrating import specialization in other fields. The TI analysis revealed that the standard TI was more upwardly biased than the modified TI in all fields. China's TI with the US was excessively high in most sectors; conversely, that of the US with China was below one for most industries. The results of the TSC and TI analyses are summarized as follows. In China's US market, six industries are inferior: movies, records, sheet music, newspapers, antiques, and architecture. Industries with TIs lower than one include paper crafts, newspapers, antiques, and paintings, in addition to the above-mentioned six industries. It was found to cover a total of ten fields. Although the cultural industry exports from China to the US demonstrate much higher concentration performance than expected in most industries, it is judged that there is still room to enhance concentration in ten fields. Previous studies focused only on competition with the United States. This study analyzes the trade relationship more comprehensively, including both, competition and cooperation aspects, by supplementing the close coupling between the two countries. In particular, both countries have a very high share in the world market. Therefore, there is the possibility of upward deviation of the calculated value when using the standard TI, so the analysis employed the modified TI.