Determinants of Individual Voting Behavior: The Role of Social Capital, Free-Riding Tendencies and Nationalistic Sentiments
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The aim of this study is to examine some key determinants of formal political participation, namely voting behavior in local and national elections. In analyzing “who participates,” social scientists have increasingly relied on the role of social capital. This study applies two major social capital concepts, i.e., generalized trust and voluntary organizational membership, in investigating the conditions under which people are more likely to cast a ballot during election times. In addition, it introduces two new concepts which have not received systematic attention in the extant scholarship: the level of national pride and free-riding tendencies, which are both hypothesized to affect the probability of individual political involvement. The data come from the Korean subsample of the Asian Barometer Survey (2003), the largest cross-national general social science survey covering Asian countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the current research examines simultaneously at individual and contextual (regional) levels how these four main independent variables are associated with the outcome variables (voting in local and national elections). Ceteris paribus, generalized trust increases the likelihood of participation in the national, but not local,election. Organizational membership has no significant effect on both types of voting at the individual level. But, at the regional level, it is negatively associated with voting behavior during times of national election. Nationalism raises the chances of getting involved in the local election only, while free-riding tendency is found to decrease the probability of casting a vote during national elections. These findings suggest that political consequences of social capital are not uniform but contingent upon contextual factors.
Abstract
The aim of this study is to examine some key determinants of formal political participation, namely voting behavior in local and national elections. In analyzing “who participates,” social scientists have increasingly relied on the role of social capital. This study applies two major social capital concepts, i.e., generalized trust and voluntary organizational membership, in investigating the conditions under which people are more likely to cast a ballot during election times. In addition, it introduces two new concepts which have not received systematic attention in the extant scholarship: the level of national pride and free-riding tendencies, which are both hypothesized to affect the probability of individual political involvement. The data come from the Korean subsample of the Asian Barometer Survey (2003), the largest cross-national general social science survey covering Asian countries. Using hierarchical linear modeling, the current research examines simultaneously at individual and contextual (regional) levels how these four main independent variables are associated with the outcome variables (voting in local and national elections). Ceteris paribus, generalized trust increases the likelihood of participation in the national, but not local,election. Organizational membership has no significant effect on both types of voting at the individual level. But, at the regional level, it is negatively associated with voting behavior during times of national election. Nationalism raises the chances of getting involved in the local election only, while free-riding tendency is found to decrease the probability of casting a vote during national elections. These findings suggest that political consequences of social capital are not uniform but contingent upon contextual factors.
참고문헌 (46)
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