哲宗代 對淸使臣團의 太平天國運動 정보수집과 정세인식
Sashindans’ (對淸使臣團) Information Gathering and Views on the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement During King Cheoljong’s Reign
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The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement (太平天國運動) was an extensive civil uprising in 1851, led by Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全) from Guangxi Province (廣西省). Joseon, located near the Qing, was affected by this event. Many people in Joseon worried that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s troops might threaten domestic security. Therefore, the government regularly investigated the overall progress of the movement. As Cheoljong (哲宗) focused on the army’s scope of activity, envoys primarily collected information on battles between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army and the Qing’s royal forces. They relied on documents provided by the Qing court, which led them to believe in the strength of the royal forces and to regard the opposing force as a mere riot. In addition, they confirmed that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army failed to carry out northern and western expeditions. Consequently, the Sashindans underestimated the geographical scope of the movement. As the movement continued, Western powers invaded Beijing, forcing the emperor and members of the imperial court to seek refuge in Rehe (熱河). This development aggravated fears among officials and commoners in Joseon. Cheoljong struggled to alleviate public unrest by better understanding the Qing’s situation. News of Western forces’ contributions to suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army spread to Joseon, easing anxiety in the country. However, the Westerners also occupied part of the Qing’s territory. Nevertheless, the Joseon government perceived external circumstances solely through the Qing court’s perspective and was not fully aware of the Westerners’ gradual intrusions into the East (西勢東漸).
Abstract
The Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement (太平天國運動) was an extensive civil uprising in 1851, led by Hong Xiuquan (洪秀全) from Guangxi Province (廣西省). Joseon, located near the Qing, was affected by this event. Many people in Joseon worried that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s troops might threaten domestic security. Therefore, the government regularly investigated the overall progress of the movement. As Cheoljong (哲宗) focused on the army’s scope of activity, envoys primarily collected information on battles between the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army and the Qing’s royal forces. They relied on documents provided by the Qing court, which led them to believe in the strength of the royal forces and to regard the opposing force as a mere riot. In addition, they confirmed that the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army failed to carry out northern and western expeditions. Consequently, the Sashindans underestimated the geographical scope of the movement. As the movement continued, Western powers invaded Beijing, forcing the emperor and members of the imperial court to seek refuge in Rehe (熱河). This development aggravated fears among officials and commoners in Joseon. Cheoljong struggled to alleviate public unrest by better understanding the Qing’s situation. News of Western forces’ contributions to suppressing the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom’s army spread to Joseon, easing anxiety in the country. However, the Westerners also occupied part of the Qing’s territory. Nevertheless, the Joseon government perceived external circumstances solely through the Qing court’s perspective and was not fully aware of the Westerners’ gradual intrusions into the East (西勢東漸).
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