원 제국의 3차 대월 침입과 그 이후 양국의 관계 ― 『安南行記』 자료의 발굴과 분석을 중심으로 ―

Abstract

This article has analyzed for the evolution of the relationship between the Yuan and Đại Việt, focusing on the two documents(表文) of Đại Việt and imperial order(詔書) of Qubilai recorded at Annanxingji, written by Xumingshan(徐明善) who was part of an envoy sent to Đại Việt from the Yuan Empire in November of 1288. While Qubilai's imperial order document has been discussed in the past because of its presence at Annanzhilüe(安南志略), the two documents(表文) of Đại Việt are less well known and have not been examined in detail. However, the contents of the two documents(表文) of Đại Việt have clear historical value as they show the position and diplomatic posture of the Đại Việt side after the end of the Yuan Empire's third invasion of Đại Việt. Although Đại Việt was heavily damaged by the Yuan invasion, it was by no means defeated in the war, and in fact was able to attack the retreating Yuan army and ultimately win. However, if we look at the documents of Đại Việt, we can see that they attempted to reconcile with the Yuan Empire through tribute immediately after the war, and to this end, they fabricated the causes of the deaths of the Yuan commanders they had intentionally killed. The document of Đại Việt also reveals that they attempted to restore diplomatic relations by returning captured prisoners and offering tribute to Qubilai and the empress. However, Qubilai was not entirely receptive to these efforts, insisting that the only way to show submission was through the coming to Yuan court of the Đại Việt monarch. The Đại Việt side insisted that only a tribute could be made, so diplomacy between the two countries continued to run parallel. The records contained in Annanxingji illustrate this diplomatic posture and the tension between the Yuan Empire and Đại Việt in 1288~1289.