關于伊藤仁齋天思想的考察
The Idea of Heaven(Tian) in Ito Jinsai`s Thought
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This paper studies the idea of Heaven in Ito Jinsai`s thought. Ito Jinsai(1627~1705) is one of the most famous Confucian in Japan. He rejected Neo-Confucianism and advocated the original teachings of Confucius and Mencius. The main point that he criticized Neo-Confucianism is to understand the world and a human being by the rational and strict principle. According to his thought a human being cannot avoid a mistake, because it lives and continues changing. He insists that it is more important to change one`s mistake and to forgive a mistake of another person than not to make a mistake. Jinsai says that both the heaven and the earth live same as a human being. It is not avoided a mistake as far as the heaven lives. And the outcome is abnormal weather. Heaven is noble nevertheless, because it does not hide its mistake. It ruins the Heavenly Way to interpret the world by the rational and strict principle like Neo-Confucianism. But Heaven cannot change mistakes by itself. It is an action of a human being that change a mistake. And it was Confucius that preached teaching to change mistakes. Jinsai says that the world cannot be the world if there was not Confucius. Generally speaking, the Heavenly Way aims at realization of good. Therefore a human being living on the earth must make efforts for good. However, because Heaven can make a mistake, there can be a misfortune on a good person. Jinsai preaches that it is necessary to consider his misfortune as an evidence of Heaven`s life, to accept it as Destiny and to continue making efforts for good not bearing a grudge against Heaven.
Abstract
This paper studies the idea of Heaven in Ito Jinsai`s thought. Ito Jinsai(1627~1705) is one of the most famous Confucian in Japan. He rejected Neo-Confucianism and advocated the original teachings of Confucius and Mencius. The main point that he criticized Neo-Confucianism is to understand the world and a human being by the rational and strict principle. According to his thought a human being cannot avoid a mistake, because it lives and continues changing. He insists that it is more important to change one`s mistake and to forgive a mistake of another person than not to make a mistake. Jinsai says that both the heaven and the earth live same as a human being. It is not avoided a mistake as far as the heaven lives. And the outcome is abnormal weather. Heaven is noble nevertheless, because it does not hide its mistake. It ruins the Heavenly Way to interpret the world by the rational and strict principle like Neo-Confucianism. But Heaven cannot change mistakes by itself. It is an action of a human being that change a mistake. And it was Confucius that preached teaching to change mistakes. Jinsai says that the world cannot be the world if there was not Confucius. Generally speaking, the Heavenly Way aims at realization of good. Therefore a human being living on the earth must make efforts for good. However, because Heaven can make a mistake, there can be a misfortune on a good person. Jinsai preaches that it is necessary to consider his misfortune as an evidence of Heaven`s life, to accept it as Destiny and to continue making efforts for good not bearing a grudge against Heaven.