儒家尊重生命思想的本体论根源
The Dao Theory of Life View of Confucian Philosophy
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儒家的生命观，尤其是尊重生命的思想传统，有着非常深刻的本体论根源。儒家哲学非常注重“道”对于人的意义和价值，但在如何实现“道”的过程中，儒家哲学赋予了通过主体之“德”（也就是“得”）的途径以决定性的意义，也就是孔子所言的“道之以德”。在儒家哲学看来，“德”总是与某种根本性、根源性、无限性、终极性的“生”的存在意义联系在一起，由此决定了儒家哲学把生命与“道德”视为一致，认为尊重生命就是实现“道德”的一个重要根据或前提。儒家之尊重生命，认为生命可贵，从本体论层面看，就是由于生命是一种根源性、根本性、无限性、终极性的存在，尊重生命就是维护、保持这种根源性、根本性、无限性和终极性，从而才能实现“道德”。生命与“道德”的一致性是儒家生命观的主要特征，其既涵有自然意义上的生命义，又具有根源、根本、无限与终极意义上的“道德”义，由此决定了生命与“道德”的统一性；失去或丧失这种统一性，人便会具有兽性，从而引发人类的生存危机。
Abstract
A life view of Confucian philosophy, especially thinking of respecting life, has very profound the Dao Theory. the Confucianists believe the “influence of Dao”, but in practice , they put more emphasis on subject’s De. Because Confucianists think, Dao cannot exist by being itself independent of losing subject’s De. In another word, that is Confucius’s “Dao zhi yi De”. Confucian philosophy thinks that De always relates root, fundamentality, infiniteness and ultimateness of creativity, and determines a uniform relationship between life and dao-de. Respecting life could be helpful in achieving dao-de.
참고문헌 (9)
- "论语", ~
- "孟子", ~
- "荀子", ~
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