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Confucian Characteristics of Korean Democracy: An Approach from a Republican Perspective

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Unlike conventional approaches, this study aims at critically analyzing the relationship between Korean democracy and its Confucian tradition from a republican perspective. With this purpose, it pays particular attention to the Neo-Confucian tradition of mixed constitution, which is characterized by “co-governance by the monarch and his subjects” (gunsin gongchi 君臣共治). This tradition provided a historical precedent or an embryo for a certain type of democracy that was later to be developed in Korea— to be precise, “democratic republic.” In this respect, Korean democracy can be understood simply neither as an import from the West nor as its imitation, but rather as the product of Korea’s own historical processes. This approach stresses the importance of the tradition of civic politics, which has a Confucian-republican hue, in the development of democracy in Korea. On the other hand, the Confucian tradition of politics has admittedly cast a dark shadow on Korean democracy, leading above all to a legacy of “meritocratic oligarchy” by a small group of elites too, which has been created and legitimized by the Confucian tradition of meritocracy.

Abstract

Unlike conventional approaches, this study aims at critically analyzing the relationship between Korean democracy and its Confucian tradition from a republican perspective. With this purpose, it pays particular attention to the Neo-Confucian tradition of mixed constitution, which is characterized by “co-governance by the monarch and his subjects” (gunsin gongchi 君臣共治). This tradition provided a historical precedent or an embryo for a certain type of democracy that was later to be developed in Korea— to be precise, “democratic republic.” In this respect, Korean democracy can be understood simply neither as an import from the West nor as its imitation, but rather as the product of Korea’s own historical processes. This approach stresses the importance of the tradition of civic politics, which has a Confucian-republican hue, in the development of democracy in Korea. On the other hand, the Confucian tradition of politics has admittedly cast a dark shadow on Korean democracy, leading above all to a legacy of “meritocratic oligarchy” by a small group of elites too, which has been created and legitimized by the Confucian tradition of meritocracy.

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