韩国畿湖性理学界的心性论辨与修养论

Abstract

This study is aimed to look into a character of Korean Confucianism focusing on the formation and issues of Giho Confucianism School, an axis of Chosun Confucianism. For this goal, I compared and investigated the main issues disputed between SaDanChilJeong arguing group and Ho-Rak arguing group, which tried to explain about the mind of human in the structure of Li-Gi theory. Yulgok-oriented Giho School sought the realization of recommendable moral value based on the emotion or mind that was in the category of Gi (气). Gobong whose idea was similar to Yulgok's did not see Gi as a something negative. He just dissented from the idea of talking over the moral separated from the mind because he thought that it was the moral emotion that was purified of general emotion with the premise that such general emotion had possibility of becoming Goodness. Yulgok also tried to explain about human in such two aspects of mind as human-mind and justice-mind that were in the category of Gi. He thought that the mind was something unstable that could not only be spiritualized to moral mind but also get into everlasting desire. On the other hand, however, Yulgok's such flexible and integrated idea was likely to be split by viewpoints. Nongam's compromised attitude showed such likeliness to accept the good points from both Toigye and Yulgok. While Noron party trying to secure their identity based on Yulgok Study late in Chosun dynasty, furthermore, they showed some differences of view on Gi that would cause Li (理) to be disturbed in being realized. Such differences of view resulted in Ho-Rak argument in appearance. Rak Study sector including Oiam emphasized the purely good aspect of Gi, so that they tried to verify the moral principal in relation to the essential mind. This argument was against the argument of Ho Study sector in many aspects because Ho Study sector argued that such Rak Study sector's idea should be based on the reality of Gi where Goodness and Badness were always coexisting even to the end. As a result, both sectors did not find out where to compromise. In the frame of Li-Gi theory, Giho School thought that such mental states as warmth, will, etc were in the category of Gi, so that they needed positive and aggressive explanation of such Gi. It was the character of Giho School that developed their argument focusing on Gi and, at the same time, to solve the Li weakening syndrome caused by Gi. It was also the base on which they were forming their identity.