14면 주사위를 통해 본 신라 귀족의 놀이문화

Abstract

What kind of social gatherings did the Silla aristocracy have and how did they foster the relationships?This question was raised again when a 14-faceted dice was excavated from Anapji, a pond in Donggungjeon(東宮殿) in 1975. The dice was talked about a lot, however, in reality there was not a single thesis on it, and its interpretations also varied. However, the shape of the dice is unique ever reported, and high-technology was applied to it in order that each 14 numbers turned out evenly. In this article, every documents and materials on the 14-faceted dice which were published for the last 35 years right after excavation were analyzed. In this process I referred to fourteen papers of humanities and seven thesis of social science and natural science which mentioned this dice. Among these 14 papers of humanities, Kim Taek-gyu's article which was carried in 『Anapji excavation research report』 was the first and the most variously interpreted one. And then, Lee Gi-dong tried to decide a social development stage with 14-faceted dice rather than to interpret the dice itself. The rest of the humanities papers only introduced the dice. Interestingly, natural science papers tried to calculate the probability of the 14 facets, to find out how it was made and to develope a textbook for how to learn mathematics. From the tourism perspective how to create souvenir was dealt with. As we know, the historic circle did not attempt to decide or confirm a name, usage or content of this dice. It would be because the dice was burn out in the preservation process and only its replica remains now, Scholars were reluctant to study it. In this article I first evaluate the validity of the generally used name ‘Juryeonggu(酒令具, tool for dirinking manner)’ or ‘Dice’, and defined it as dice. Also, I examined whether this dice was for game only or for penalty for those who lost the game, and confirmed its purpose as the latter. And then, by referring to other artifacts excavated from Anapji(雁鴨池), I tried to reproduce a party scene at that time. In other words, Juryeong was a Chinese drinking manner as well as a game in a pub, and there were a variety of types. Therefore, when it is called as Juryeonggu, it is not clear to be a name of relic. Another one was that the Silla aristocrats seemed to play letter Juryeong(文字令). It is appropriate to be considered as part of aristocratic life of the Oriental society including Yusanggoksu(流觴曲水) in Poseokjeong(鮑石亭) or writing a poem in the Silla society. In this regard, the 14-faceted dice is regarded as a penalty tool rather than Juryeongju. Seen from the 14 different penalties, feast in the Silla society was a sophisticated one with drinking, dancing and writing poems. Women also attended it. And since they drank grain wine, glasses must have been large like bowl. Ink stones, bowls and lamps excavated from Anapji pond must be household items in those days. Finding out the Silla aristocrats' social life and leisure pattern is a very important task to understand the ancient society. So far, however, the existing studies on recreation culture limited to figuring out types of games or interpreting religious aspect of games. Therefore, this paper makes an attempt to newly interpret the aristocrats' living style focused on the 14-faceted dice. I might be gone too far while I was trying to interpret the meaning of the dice actively, and because it was excavated a long times ago. I hope that continuous studies on ancient people's living style accumulate and supplement the study on this dice.