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시장구조와 기술혁신, 경제성장과의 관계 조명 - 기술흡수비용을 고려한 내생적 기술혁신모형 -

Market Structure and Innovation: Endogenous Innovation with Technology Absorption Costs

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주제분류경제학

초록

본 연구는 제품다양성모형(model of product variety)과 품질단계모형(model ofquality lader)을 결합한 새로운 연구개발성장모형 (R&D -based growth model)을 개발하여 시장구조와 기술혁신 , 경제성장과의 관계에 대해 재조명한다 . 특히, 기존 연구개발성장모형에서 도외시한 신기술의 생산과정으로의 활용을 위한 기술흡수비용(technology absorption costs)의 필요성을 모형화하여 시장구조와 기술혁신 간의 “역 U자 관계(inverted-U relationship)”를 보여주는 실증자료에 대한 구체적인 이론적 설명을 제시한다 .주요 결과로는 기업과 산업측면에서 기술개발투자와 기술활용투자간의 재원배분, 제품 시장에서의 경쟁강화는 첨단기술산업의 기술혁신을 강화하는 반면에 , 첨단기술산업과의 기술적 근접도의 차이가 큰 저급기술산업의 제품은 시장 경쟁강화로 인해 빠른 속도로 시장점유가 줄어드는 것을 보여준다 . 전체 국가경제측면에서는 이러한 시장경쟁의 부정적 효과를 충분히 상쇄함으로써 기술혁신과 경제성장을 촉진시킨다. 더욱 흥미로운 것은 이러한 경쟁적 시장구조와 기술혁신율 , 경제성장과의 관계가 “연구개발집중도 역설(research intensity paradox)”는 것으로, 연구개발집중도 증가의 경제성장률에 대한 영향은 관련 당사국의 성장정도에 따라 다양화 된다는 것을 보여준다 .

Abstract

This paper constructs a new model of R&D-based growth by incorporating the model of quality ladder into the conventional model of product variety, more specifically focusing on technology absorption costs into production process, and then provides insightful theoretical explanations for the inverted-U relationship between market structure, innovation and growth. This paper finds that the most crucial factor affecting the resource allocation between innovation and absorption activities is substitutability among goods, and higher substitutability strengthens innovation activities in high-tech industry while rapidly decreases the market share of lower-tech industry. More interestingly, this relationship between market structure and innovation provides important implications for “research intensity puzzle” with argument that the effect of higher research intensity on economic growth is various depending on development stage of country.

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