연구개발투자와 혁신성과 간의 비선형 관계에서 업종별 기술집약도의 역할과 상호작용
The Roles and Interactions of Technology Intensity on the Nonlinear Relationship between R&D Investment and Innovation
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본 연구는 중소 제조기업의 연구개발투자와 혁신성과 간의 비선형 관계 하에서 업종의 기술적 조건과 지식일출의 내부화 활동이 미치는 영향과 상호작용을 분석한다. 기술혁신조사의 원자료를 바탕으로 3,435개의 종단패널데이터를 구성하여 분석한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 연구개발투자와 혁신성과 간의 관계는 역 U자형으로서 이들 간의 관계에 수확체감의 기제가 작용하여 연구개발투자가 증가하면 혁신성과가 증가하지만 연구개발 투자효과의 극대점(turning point)을 지나 계속 투자가 증가하면 음(-)의 관계가 존재한다. 둘째, 연구개발투자액과 혁신성과 간의 선형적인 기제는 산업의 기술집약도가 높아짐에 따라 강화되며, 수확체감의 비선형적인 기제는 약화되고 있다. 그러나 대부분의 연구개발 투자수준에서 저기술 업종의 중소 제조기업이 고기술 업종의 중소 제조기업보다 혁신성과가 크며, 연구개발투자의 평균한계효과도 더 높음을 실증하였다.
Abstract
This paper examined the nonlinear R&D-innovation relationship of SMEs (small and medium-sized enterprises) and the interactions between technology intensity of sectors on R&D-innovation relationship. Using 3,435 firm-year panel data in South Korea, this study found that R&D investment has an inverted U-shaped relationship with innovative sales and applied patents such that innovative sales and applied patents increase at a decreasing rate as R&D investment increases. In addition, the R&D-innovation relationship of SMEs in high-tech sectors become more linearly strengthened and the mechanism of diminishing returns to R&D investment become weakened as R&D investment increases. However, the innovation performance of SMEs in low-tech sectors, measured as innovative sales, was better than those of SMEs in high-tech sectors. In addition, the average marginal effects of SMEs in low-tech sectors were higher than those of SMEs in high-tech sectors.
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