한국 사회에 아직도 딸에 대한 차별이 존재하는가?
Is There Still Discrimination Against Daughters In Korea?
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참고문헌
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초록
본 논문은 현재 한국 사회에 딸에 대한 차별적 관행이 존재하고 있는지, 존재한다면 그 원인이 무엇인지를 분석하는데 목적이 있다. 우선 2000년 인구주택총조사 자료를 이용하여 출산 단계에 대한 분석을 시행한 결과, 딸만을 가진 가구가 그렇지 않은 가구에 비해 다음 자녀를 출산할 확률이 유의하게 높다는 사실을 확인하였다. 그리고 그 정도는 다른 나라들에 비해 훨씬 강한 것으로 나타났다. 다음 한국직업능력개발원에서 조사한 2004년 ‘한국교육고용패널조사’ 자료를 이용하여 중․고등학생의 사교육비에 대해 분석한 결과, 딸이라고 해서 사교육비가 낮지 않았으며, 또 다른 자녀의 성이 딸이라고 해서 해당 자녀의 사교육비가 높아지지 않았다. 이러한 사실은 출산단계에서 확인되는 딸에 대한 차별의 원인이 ‘차별적인 비용가설(differential cost hypothesis)’로 설명되기 어렵다는 점을 시사해준다.
Abstract
This paper will analyze whether there is discrimination against daughters in Korea, and what the cause of this discrimination is. By an analysis using ‘2000 Population and Housing Census data’, I have found that families with only daughters have a higher propensity to give birth to another baby than other families. The difference between this propensity between Korean families with only daughters and families with sons is very big, compared to other countries. In addition, by further analysis using ‘2004 Korean Education & Employment Panel data’, I have found that the expenditure on the private tutoring for daughters is not less than for sons. Whether the gender of the other child is female or male does not have any effect on the educational expenditure on this child. This means that the ‘differential cost hypothesis’ is not sufficient to explain the cause of discrimination against daughters on the stage of fertility.
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