몽고전란 이후 황룡사 장육상과 구층탑 사리장치의 변화

Abstract

Hwangnyongsa Temple suffered severe damages from the Mongolian Invasion in 1238. In particular, it is likely to understand that the Sixteen-foot Colossal Buddha Triad in the main worship hall of Hwangnyongsa Temple and the Nine-story Pagoda were burnt down to ashes. However, the records of Hwangnyongsa in Samgungnyusa, the Heritage of the Three States, especially the reference to ‘寺中記’, ‘刹柱記’, and ‘寺中古記’ show that Hwangnyongsa Temple continued to exist for a certain period of time after the Mongolian Invasion. Samgungnyusa also contains a great number of records related to temples in reference to the temple records of different temples, including Gamunsa Temple, Dongcheonsa Temple, Yeongchuksa Temple, and Bulguksa Temple in addition to Hwangnyongsa Temple. These temples have something in common that they existed when monk Ilyeon wrote Samgukyusa in Goryeo Dynasty period. The small Buddha statue which was apparently witnessed by monk Ilyeon following the loss of the Sixteen-foot Colossal Buddha Triad is believed to have been a Buddha statue rebuilt on behalf of the Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue after the Mongolian Invasion. The bronze statue that is mentioned in the Kim Si-seup’s poem in the 15th century and the Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue recorded in the materials of the Joseon Dynasty period to remain at the site of Hwangnyongsa Temple are interpreted to be same as the Buddha statue witnessed by monk Ilyeon. The pedestal of the Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue which remains at the Main golden shrine site of Hwangnyongsa Temple has traces of processing work presumably carried out by later generations, in addition to the device used to fix the Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue built during the King Jinheung Dynasty period. This additional work done on the pedestal is a modified fixing device designed to fix a Buddha statue whose size is different from the previous Sixteen-foot Buddha Statue, indicating a change in gilt bronze Buddha statues of Hwangnyongsa Temple. Finally, the drainage hole shaped in unique structure around the relic chamber and the square footstone covering the drainage hole is believed to have been added to protect the reliquary exposed to the outdoor due to the loss of the Nine-story Pagoda. This is a piece of material evidence that proves the presence of changes in the reliquary of the Nine-story Pagoda at Hwangnyongsa Temple following the Mongolian Invasion.