조선 태조 이성계의 4대조 ‘북도팔릉’ 연구

Abstract

Royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty refer to graves for kings and queens who ruled the Joseon Dynasty in addition to posthumous kings and queens. 40 royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty were registered with UNESCO World Heritage in 2009. Of them, 10 royal tombs located in North Korea were excluded. This study is focused on examining Bukdopalleung, the eight royal tombs for ancestors of King Taejo of the Joseon Dynasty in North Korea. 10 days after King Taejo Lee Seong-gye founded the Joseon Dynasty in 1392, he honored the four generations of his ancestors as posthumous kings and queens and designated them as royal tombs in 20 days. From 1398 to 1416, the Joseon Dynasty designated eight graves located in Hamgyeong-do and Gangwon-do as royal tombs, and it is known as Bukdopalreung. It was influenced by the Goryeo Dynasty, the Song Dynasty and the Ming Dynasty. It was customary for the first emperor who founded a kingdom to honor his ancestors and build royal tombs for them. It aims to visualize legitimacy of foundation of a kingdom and succession to the throne. However, compared to precedents, the royal tombs of the Joseon Dynasty had originality. More than anything else, there was a great difference in the number of tombs. The Joseon Dynasty built separate royal tombs for the four generations of ancestors of King Taejo, and the number of the tombs was eight. On the other hand, the Goryeo Dynasty and the Song Dynasty built Changreung or Yongan Ling, one royal tomb where parents of King Taejo (the founder of the dynasty) were buried together. The Ming Dynasty built only one imperial tomb for parents of the King Taejo and two tombs of the three generations of ancestors of the emperor. In particular, Bukdopalreung of the Joseon Dynasty was intRoyal tombs of the ended to uphold the tradition of the Goryeo Dynasty that built a separate royal tomb not only for a king but also for a queen. Stone sculptures in Bukdopalreung reflected styles of the late Goryeo Dynasty and the early Joseon Dynasty. Accordingly, it is hoped that they will be registered with UNESCO World Heritage as well.