온실가스 감축정책 시행 후 제조업의 이산화탄소 배출량 변화 분석
The Impact of Greenhouse Gas Abatement Policy on Manufacturing Industries in South Korea
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우리나라에서 배출되는 온실가스 중 절반가량을 차지하는 제조업 이산화탄소(CO2) 배출량의 감축은 기후변화 대응 성패를 좌우할 핵심적인 요인이다. 온실가스 감축정책으로 인하여 제조업의 생산과정에서 배출되는 온실가스가 감소하는지를 분석할 때, 에너지 총사용량으로는 충분히 통제되지 않는 내생성이 발생할수 있다. 고용과 급여총액을 도구변수로 사용하여 산업․지역 연결 패널자료를분석한 결과, 2015년 이후 산업부문 CO2 총배출량, 생산당 CO2 배출량, 에너지의CO2 집약도가 모두 유의하게 증가하여 정책 기조와 반대되는 변화를 보였다. 다배출업종 중 1차금속은 생산 대비 온실가스 배출량의 지역별 격차가 높으므로, 동일 업종 내 상대적 다배출 기업의 에너지 사용 저탄소화를 유도하기 위한 정책설계가 필요하다.
Abstract
CO2 emissions in Manufacturing industry account for about half of national greenhouse gas emissions in South Korea. To control for endogeneity between output and greenhouse gas emissions, this paper uses employment and total payroll as instrumental variables in an analysis of 2012-2018 linked panel data. Following the implementation of climate policy, CO2 emissions from production activities in the manufacturing sector increased significantly, running counter to policy objectives. Since the primary metals industry shows a high degree of regional heterogeneity in carbon dioxide emissions relative to its production level, it is necessary to upgrade facilities and adopt technologies for particularly ‘brown’ firms.
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