高校平準化 制度가 賃金을 低下시켰는가?
Did the High School Equalization Policy Decrease the Wage in Korea?
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본 논문에서는 고교평준화 제도가 1974년 이후 특정 시기에 특정 지역에만 실시되었다는 점에 착안하여, ‘차이의 차이(Differences in Differences, DD)’ 분석 기법으로 이 제도가 근로자의 임금에는 어떠한 영향을 미쳤는지를 분석하였다 . 그 결과 고교평준화 제도는 임금을 10-14% 있었다. 이러한 플러스의 임금 효과는 남성 계층에서, 그리고 고졸 저학력 계층에서 강하게 나타났다. 평준화의 임금 효과가 단순히 ‘대도시화’ 경향을 반영하고 있는 것인지를 몇 가지 방식을 통해 점검해 본 결과 , 이를 뒷받침할 수 있는 증거를 발견할 수 없었다. 그러나 학생의 질을 강하게 통제할 경우 평준화의 임금 효과가 뚜렷이 줄어들고 있고, 시계열적으로 볼 때 평준화의 임금 효과가 점차 감소하는 추세를 보이는 것으로 나타났다 .
Abstract
This study investigates impacts of the reform of Korean high school admission system on the students' academic achievement and later earnings. By abolishing the high school entrance examination, this reform brought a dramatic change in the composition of students in each high school in terms of students' learning ability and family social background. The new policy which adopted the system of lottery was intended to assign students randomly to each high school to promote an equal distribution of students. It was initially launched in 1974 in two major cities and has been implemented in different cities at different time. We exploit these variations across cohorts and residential areas to identify the effect of the reform. By using Korean Labor and Income Panel Study (KLISP) data, we show positive impacts of the policy on returns to schooling. In general, wages of workers who had high school education under the policy increased by 10-14%. A stronger positive effect was found among the workers with only high school education. The positive wage effect still remains significant after three robustness checks adopted in the study.
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