일본 고도성장기 석유의 사회사 : 석유사용의 규제와 수요확대의 길항을 중심으로

Abstract

In this article, we tried to have a glance at the aspects of social changes in the period escaping from the poverty and going toward high growth by reviewing the conflicts and phenomena surrounding the use of petroleum in Japan after war. For this, in the first half, we overviewed the history of petroleum in Japan from the macro perspective and in the second half, the development of oil policy and the responses of corporate and general public were reviewed focusing on the articles on <Asahi Shimbung>. After being defeated in the war, Japan adopted ‘Refining in the place of consumption’ policy that they imported crude oil and refined and then sold the refined oil in domestic market. Although the authority established a policy to regulate the use of petroleum to protect coal industry and save dollars, it was difficult to coerce the demand of companies that preferred diesel oil to coal and the demand of general public who wanted kerosene for the stoves and ranges. The expansion of petroleum use brought big changes to manufacturing activities of companies and home economics, the details of which can be confirmed through newspaper articles in that time. Although the conflicts arising from the use of oil have been there more than 10 years after the war, petroleum became the main energy source surpassing coals in 1962 and onwards.