기업특허출원자료를 활용한 기술혁신요인 및 기술파급효과 분석
The Sources of Innovation and Spillover Effects: Firm-Level Panel Data Analysis
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본 연구는 한국특허정보원의 특허출원데이터베이스를 활용하여 1990-2000년 기간의 우리나라 기업들의 기술혁신활동추이 및 기술파급효과를 분석하였다. 첫째, 축적된 지식의 새로운 지식창출에 대한 기여는 시간에 따라 감소하는 경향이 있지만 기술혁신에 긍정적으로 작용하고 있음을 발견하였다. 둘째, 기업특성과 기술혁신과의 상관관계를 분석한 결과 자본집약도가 높고 인적자본에 대한 투자가 높은 기업에서 그리고 수출비중이 높은 기업에서 기술혁신활동이 활발하였다. 그리고 부채비중이 높은 기업의 경우 특허출원이 낮은 것으로 나타나 기술혁신활동에 있어서 내부금융의 중요성을 확인할 수 있었다. 셋째, 시장집중과 기술혁신 간의 관계를 추정한 결과 역 U자의 2차 함수관계를 발견할 수 있었는데 이는 슘페터가설과는 달리 집중된 시장구조보다는 집중도가 상대적으로 낮은 35~58%수준에서 기술혁신이 극대화됨을 발견하였다. 넷째, 동종산업의 국내기업의 특허출원 및 미국과 EU기업의 특허출원은 국내기업의 특허출원을 감소시키는 것으로 나타났으나 국내공공기관 및 국내대학 그리고 일본 기업의 특허출원은 국내기업의 특허출원을 촉진하는 것으로 나타났다.
Abstract
Using a firm-level panel data of Korea for 1990-2000, this study investigates the determinants of technology innovation approximated by the number of firm-level patents registered in Korea: firm-characteristics and spillover effects. By using the Panel GMM estimation, the results are as follows. 1) The level of technology (patents) accumulated until last period contributed into the firm innovation of current period. 2) Innovation is positively and significantly correlated with the level of R&D intensity, capital-labor ratio, export share, and the share of labor training expenses to sales while it is negatively and significantly correlated with leverage ratio. 3) Innovation and concentration ratio show inverted-U relationship. 4) Domestic spillovers are mixed. The innovation of other firms in the same industry plays a negative role in individual firm's innovation while that of domestic public institutes plays a positive role. 5) Foreign spillovers depend on the source of patent registration. The patents registered by US and EU tend to decrease the innovation of domestic firms while those by Japanese companies contributed to increasing domestic patents.
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