새로운 “産出·産出模型”과 “産出·産出表”를 어떻게 활용할 것인가? 投入·産出模型과 投入·産出表에 대한 代案分析을 中心으로
How Do We Utilize a New “Output-Output Model” and “Output-Output Table”? Based on an Alternative Analysis to the Input-Output Model and the Input-Output Table
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레온티에프에 의해 개발된 투입․산출모형과 투입․산출표는 매우 다양한 산업 연관 및 승수효과분석 등에 활용되고 있다. 산업연관균형식의 解는 외생적 최종 수요(f)의 변화가 내생적 산출물(x)에 미치는 제반 유발효과를 추계하는 데는 매 우 유익한 모형이라고 할 수 있다. 그럼에도 불구하고 전통적인 산업연관모형에 서는 최종수요가 아닌 산출물의 변화에 대한 각종 파급효과를 계산하는 것이 부 문 사이의 "연속적 연결의 문제" 때문에 불가능하다. 투입․산출모형이 갖고 있 는 이러한 결정적인 한계를 보완하기 위하여 최근에 “산출․산출모형”이 개발되게 되었다. 산출․산출모형과 이 모형을 활용한 산출․산출표는 대규모 산업기반시 설과 행사에 따른 각종 파급효과와 특정 내생부분의 총생산 감소와 공급제약 등 에 따른 제반 유발효과 등을 추계하는 데 매우 유익하다고 할 수 있다. 아울러 산 출물의 변화(△x)에 대한 각종 유발효과를 계산할 때에(△x)는 특정부문과 전체 부문 모두에 적용할 수 있다는 장점이 있다. 본 연구는 투입․산출모형이 갖는 제 반 한계와 문제점을 산출․산출모형을 통하여 보완하기 위하여 의도된 것이다. 따라서 두 모형은 상호 배타적인 관계가 아니라 개별 연구 목적에 따라 상보적인 활용이 가능할 것으로 평가된다.
Abstract
Gim and Kim(2008a, 2008c) recently found out that there is no consecutive connection between the Leontief inverse Cf and the total output x and that there are some limits to computing the impact effects of the initial change of output. Thus a new “output-output(OO) model” was developed by the authors to solve the consecutive connection and overestimation problems very naturally based on the output requirements matrix for output. On the basis of the latest research findings mentioned above, the specific objectives of this paper are summarized as follows. (1) We reexamine the merits and demerits of different types of input-output(IO) models: the demand side, the supply side, and the mixed type. (2) We perform a comparative analysis between the IO and OO models in structure and characteristics and illustrate the usefulness and validity of the OO model. (3) We derive the relevant equations between the cause and effect variables, which are needed to compute induced effects, multiplier effects, and linkage effects by using the newly developed OO model and table. (4) We present some valid application examples, focusing on the empirical economic analysis based on raw data of 「2003 Input-Output Tables」 compiled by the Bank of Korea. The major findings from the empirical analysis are followed below. We calculated the output, employment, and income multipliers and the impact and sensitivity coefficients for final demand and output through the Leontief inverse Cf and the output requirements matrix for output. The Spearman’s rank correlation coefficients(SRCC), γs , are specially computed to observe the relevant structural economic characteristics of each sector between two types of employment multipliers, income multipliers and sensitivity coefficients. The SRCC between employment multipliers is 0.9878 and that between income multipliers is 0.9402 and that between sensitivity coefficients is 0.9962. The higher values which are closer to 1 signify that the entire priority ranks between multipliers(or coefficients) are almost the same throughout the whole sector.
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