｢聴覚｣を表す形容詞述語文の文型と用法
Sentence Patterns and Usage of Adjective Predicative Construction Expressing ‘Tyoukaku‘ in Japanese
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この論文は｢聴覚｣の意味を表す日本語の形容詞述語文の文型と用法を分析した研究である。分析の結果、その主要な内容は次のようであった。 ｢聴覚｣の形容詞には｢音の量、音の状況｣などの2種類の意味があった。2種類の各意味の対象形容詞としは、｢音の量｣には本義的形容詞｢うるさい、やかましい｣などと転義的形容詞｢大きい、高い、小さい、低い｣などがあり、｢音の状況｣には転義的形容詞｢勇ましい、重い、堅(固)い、凄い、鋭い、遠い、太い、丸い｣などがあった。 ｢聴覚｣の形容詞述語文の主要文型には｢N1は･が＋形、N2は(が)＋N1が＋形、N2に＋N1は･が＋形、N2は･が＋N1に＋形、N2は･が＋N1で＋形｣などの5種類があった。各文型の主要用法は、｢N1は･が＋形｣は本義的形容詞の基本的用法、｢N2は(が)＋N1が＋形｣は転義的形容詞の基本的用法、｢N2に＋N1は･が＋形｣は被判断主体の用法、｢N2は･が＋N1に＋形｣は判断の窓口の用法、｢N2は･が＋N1で＋形｣は判断の原因の用法などであった。
Abstract
This article examines the sentence patterns and usage of Japanese adjective predicative constructions related to ‘Tyoukaku’. The main findings are as follows. Japanese adjectives related to ‘Tyoukaku’ can be categorized into two semantic groups: those indicating the quantity of sound and those describing its characteristics. The first group includes both inherent adjectives such as Urusai, Yakamashii and derived adjectives such as Ookii, Takai, Chiisai, Hikui. The second group, which describes the characteristics of sound, mainly consists of derived adjectives such as Isamashii, Omoi, Katai, Sugoi, Surudoi, Tooi, Futoi, and Marui. The main sentence patterns for adjective predicative constructions related to ‘Tyoukaku’ can be categorized into five types: ‘N1ha･ga＋A, N2ha(ga)＋N1ga＋A, N2ni＋N1ha･ga＋A, N2ha･ga＋N1ni＋A, and N2ha･ga＋N1de＋A'. Each pattern serves a distinct grammatical function. ‘N1ha･ga+A’ represents the fundamental usage of adjectives with inherent meanings, while ‘N2ha(ga)+N1ga+A’ applies to adjectives with extended meanings. ‘N2ni+N1ha･ga+A’ indicates the subject being evaluated, whereas ‘N2ha･ga+N1ni+A’ expresses the channel through which the judgement is made, and ‘N2ha･ga+N1de+A’ expresses the cause for judgment.