「표트르 I세의 시베리아 콜렉션」 수집지에 대한 검토 - 유라시아 스키타이 문화를 중심으로 -

Abstract

Peter I’s Siberian collection began to form in the 18th century when the governor Gagarin sent the gold artifacts he had collected in Siberia to the emperor. With this as a starting point, Peter I issued a decree that became the basis of the excavation system, which became an important starting point for Russian archaeological research, and in 1857 he founded the Imperial Archaeological Commission. After that, it was collected through various routes, and in the 19th century, the archaeologist Spitzin A.A. named it the “Siberian Collection of Peter I”. However, due to the nature of the archaeological data, the source is unclear, which makes it difficult to determine the locality and age of the relics. Comparing with later excavated data, it was assumed that the Ob River and Irtysh River, the western Altai region and the Kazakhstan Step region were unclear. In Altai, which is estimated to be an important excavation site, there are few artifacts that use a lot of gold, and the Kazakhstan Step region is treated with more weight. However, the excavation data of new ruins can fill the gaps in the existing ones, and it is necessary to compare them as many golden artifacts were excavated from Arzhan-2 in the 7th century BC in Tuva, Siberia. Men’s necklaces, women’s earrings, and accessories with small cauldrons from Arzhan-2 have many similarities to the products of Peter I’s Siberian collection known so far. Among the collections, the major production techniques such as relief technique, inlay technique, and lamination technique are also shown in Arzhan-2. Also, among the animal struggle patterns, the bird headdress attached to the tip of an animal’s horn is seen in the 5th century BC Altai Pazirik culture mummy tattoo, and is also an element observed in Arzhan-2. So, it is possible that some of Peter I’s gold collection were collected in Siberia Tuva and Altai. The center of the collection, curled up in a predator’s ring, is known to be from the 7th century BC, but most of the artifacts except for this are thought to be from the 5th century BC. However, relics comparable to Arzan-2 can be estimated from the 7th century BC in terms of shape and manufacturing technique.