Post-antibiotic effects and post-antibiotic sub-minimal inhibitory concentration effects of chlorhexidine against oral bacteria
2
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is defined as the suppression of bacterial growth for a particular duration after brief exposure to an antimicrobial agent. Chlorhexidine is a widely used biocide found in antiseptic products; however, its PAE remains unclear. In this study, PAE, post-antibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects (PA-SME), and sub-MIC effects (SME) of chlorhexidine on oral bacteria were investigated. For PAE measurement, bacteria were exposed to 10× MIC chlorhexidine for 1 min, which was then eliminated by washing. For determining PA-SME, bacteria were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3× MIC chlorhexidine during the post-antibiotic phase and to sub-MIC chlorhexidine for the measurement of SME. PAE, PA-SME, and SME of chlorhexidine were observed. The PAE lasted for 0.9 hr for Streptococcus mutans , 0.1 hr for Streptococcus gordonii , and 0.35 hr for Lactobacillus acidophilus . The PA-SME against oral bacteria lasted for a longer duration with increasing chlorhexidine concentrations. The PA-SME against oral bacteria lasted for a substantially longer period than SME did. The present study illustrates the existence of chlorhexidineinduced PAE, PA-SME, and SME against oral bacteria, thereby extending the pharmacodynamic advantages of chlorhexidine.
Abstract
Post-antibiotic effect (PAE) is defined as the suppression of bacterial growth for a particular duration after brief exposure to an antimicrobial agent. Chlorhexidine is a widely used biocide found in antiseptic products; however, its PAE remains unclear. In this study, PAE, post-antibiotic sub-minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) effects (PA-SME), and sub-MIC effects (SME) of chlorhexidine on oral bacteria were investigated. For PAE measurement, bacteria were exposed to 10× MIC chlorhexidine for 1 min, which was then eliminated by washing. For determining PA-SME, bacteria were exposed to 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3× MIC chlorhexidine during the post-antibiotic phase and to sub-MIC chlorhexidine for the measurement of SME. PAE, PA-SME, and SME of chlorhexidine were observed. The PAE lasted for 0.9 hr for Streptococcus mutans , 0.1 hr for Streptococcus gordonii , and 0.35 hr for Lactobacillus acidophilus . The PA-SME against oral bacteria lasted for a longer duration with increasing chlorhexidine concentrations. The PA-SME against oral bacteria lasted for a substantially longer period than SME did. The present study illustrates the existence of chlorhexidineinduced PAE, PA-SME, and SME against oral bacteria, thereby extending the pharmacodynamic advantages of chlorhexidine.
참고문헌 (33)
- Zhanel GG, "The postantibiotic effect : a review of in vitro and in vivo data", DICP, 25, pp.153~163 (1991)[DOI]
- Vogelman BS, "Postantibiotic effects", J Antimicrob Chemother (1985)[DOI]
- Craig WA, "Antibiotics in laboratory medicine", pp.296~329 (1996), Williams & Wilkins
- Vogelman B, "In vivo postantibiotic effect in a thigh infection in neutropenic mice", J Infect Dis, 157, pp.287~298 (1988)[DOI]
- Odenholt-Tornqvist I, "Postantibiotic effects and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of roxithromycin, clarithromycin, and azithromycin on respiratory tract pathogens", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp.221~226 (1995)[DOI]
- Odenholt-Tornqvist I, "Postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of vancomycin, roxithromycin, sparfloxacin, and amikacin", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 36, pp.1852~1858 (1992)[DOI]
- McDonnell G, "Antiseptics and disinfectants : activity, action, and resistance", Clin Microbiol Rev, 12, pp.147~179 (1999)[DOI]
- Hiom SJ, "Effects of chlorhexidine diacetate on Candida albicans, C. glabrata and Saccharomyces cerevisiae", J Appl Bacteriol, 72, pp.335~340 (1992)[DOI]
- Hugo WB, "Some aspects of the mode of action of chlorhexidine", J Pharm Pharmacol, 16, pp.655~662 (1964)[DOI]
- Scheie AA, "Dental caries: the disease and its clinical management", pp.179~188 (2003), Blackwell
- Zhanel GG, "Effect of pooled human cerebrospinal fluid on the postantibiotic effects of cefotaxime, ciprofloxacin, and gentamicin against Escherichia coli", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 36, pp.1136~1139 (1992)[DOI]
- Craig WA, "Killing and regrowth of bacteria in vitro : a review", Scand J Infect Dis Suppl, 74, pp.63~70 (1990)
- Lee SY, "Postantibiotic effects and postantibiotic sub-MIC effects of amoxicillin on Streptococcus gordonii and Streptococcus sanguis", J Chemother, 12, pp.379~384 (2000)[DOI]
- Li RC, "Correlation between bactericidal activity and postantibiotic effect for five antibiotics with different mechanisms of action", J Antimicrob Chemother, 40, pp.39~45 (1997)[DOI]
- Gerber AU, "Growth kinetics of respiratory pathogens after short exposures to ampicillin and erythromycin in vitro", J Antimicrob Chemother, 8(Suppl C), pp.81~91 (1981)[DOI]
- Baker PJ, "Subinhibitory concentrations of cefpodoxime alter membrane protein expression of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and enhance its susceptibility to killing by neutrophils", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 39, pp.406~412 (1995)[DOI]
- Shibl AM, "Effect of four antibiotics on haemolysin production and adherence to human uroepithelial cells by Escherichia coli", J Med Microbiol, 16, pp.341~349 (1983)[DOI]
- Proctor RA, "Subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics alter fibronectin binding to Staphylococcus aureus", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 24, pp.823~826 (1983)[DOI]
- Schifferli DM, "Bacterial adhesion : modulation by antibiotics which perturb protein synthesis", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 32, pp.1603~1608 (1988)[DOI]
- Tylewska S, "Effect of subinhibitory concentrations of antibiotics on the adhesion of Streptococcus pyogenes to pharyngeal epithelial cells", Antimicrob Agents Chemother, 20, pp.563~566 (1981)[DOI]
- Chopra I, "The antibacterial effects of low concentrations of antibiotics", Adv Microb Physiol, 28, pp.211~259 (1986)[DOI]
- Addy M, "Comparison of the immediate effects on the sub-gingival microflora of acrylic strips containing 40% chlorhexidine, metronidazole or tetracycline", J Clin Periodontol, 11, pp.379~386 (1984)[DOI]
- Heling I, "Microbiological evaluation of the efficacy of chlorhexidine in a sustained-release device for dentine sterilization", Int Endod J, 25, pp.15~19 (1992)[DOI]
- Löe H, "Two years oral use of chlorhexidine in man. I. General design and clinical effects", J Periodontal Res, 11, pp.135~144 (1976)[DOI]
- Lang NP, "Optimal dosage of chlorhexidine digluconate in chemical plaque control when applied by the oral irrigator", J Clin Periodontol, 8, pp.189~202 (1981)[DOI]
- Schiïott CR, "Two year oral use of chlorhexidine in man IV. Effect on various medical parameters", J Periodontal Res, 11, pp.158~164 (1976)[DOI]
- Steinberg D, "The effect of sustained-release varnish of chlorhexidine in dental plastic shells on salivary Streptococcus mutans", Clin Prev Dent, 13, pp.9~12 (1991)
- Flotra L, "Different modes of chlorhexidine application and related local side effects", J Periodontal Res Suppl, 12, pp.41~44 (1973)[DOI]
- Guimaraes AR, "Self-perception of side effects by adolescents in a chlorhexidine-fluoride-based preventive oral health program", J Appl Oral Sci, 14, pp.291~296 (2006)[DOI]
- Löe H, "The effect of mouthrinses and topical application of chlorhexidine on the development of dental plaque and gingivitis in man", J Periodontal Res, 5, pp.79~83 (1970)[DOI]
- Addy M, "The formation of stain on acrylic surfaces by the interaction of cationic antiseptic mouthwashes and tea", J Biomed Mater Res, 18, pp.631~641 (1984)[DOI]
- Cancro LP, "Effects of a chlorhexidine gluconate mouthrinse on dental plaque and calculus", J Periodontol, 43, pp.687~691 (1972)[DOI]
- Löe H, "The effect of mouthrinses and topical application of chlorhexidine on calculus formation in man", J Periodontal Res, 6, pp.312~314 (1971)[DOI]