Evaluation of irradiance and spectral output of visible light curing units used in the laboratory
0
조회
0
다운로드
0
인용
0
참고문헌
키워드
초록
The irradiance of visible light curing units (LCUs) has been reported to decrease over time. However, the spectral output of used LCUs has rarely been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the irradiance and the spectral output of visible LCUs used currently in laboratories. One halogen LCU (Optilux 360, O360), two polywave light emitting-diode (LED) LCUs (Bluephase Style [ST] and Bluephase G2 [G2]), and one single-peak LED LCU (Elipar S10, S10) were activated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The irradiance and spectral output of the curing light were measured with a spectroradiometer in real time (n=10). Regarding the spectral peak and mean irradiance of the LCUs, O360 and G2 showed consistent data. However, ST showed spectral peaks at either 457 or 408 nm, and S10 at either 456 or 450 nm. The mean irradiance of ST and S10 was also inconsistent. Regarding the total energy, all LCUs surpassed the minimal energy value of 16 J/cm2 to fully polymerize an increment of 2 mm of composite resin. However, focusing on 420–540 nm range energy where camphorquinone is activated, some data showed an energy value for ST of less than 16 J/cm2, when the spectral peak was observed at 408 nm. Therefore, to evaluate the performance of the LCUs, not only the irradiance but also the spectral output should be monitored, especially in the case of polywave LED LCUs, where multiple spectral peaks are present.
Abstract
The irradiance of visible light curing units (LCUs) has been reported to decrease over time. However, the spectral output of used LCUs has rarely been evaluated. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the irradiance and the spectral output of visible LCUs used currently in laboratories. One halogen LCU (Optilux 360, O360), two polywave light emitting-diode (LED) LCUs (Bluephase Style [ST] and Bluephase G2 [G2]), and one single-peak LED LCU (Elipar S10, S10) were activated according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The irradiance and spectral output of the curing light were measured with a spectroradiometer in real time (n=10). Regarding the spectral peak and mean irradiance of the LCUs, O360 and G2 showed consistent data. However, ST showed spectral peaks at either 457 or 408 nm, and S10 at either 456 or 450 nm. The mean irradiance of ST and S10 was also inconsistent. Regarding the total energy, all LCUs surpassed the minimal energy value of 16 J/cm2 to fully polymerize an increment of 2 mm of composite resin. However, focusing on 420–540 nm range energy where camphorquinone is activated, some data showed an energy value for ST of less than 16 J/cm2, when the spectral peak was observed at 408 nm. Therefore, to evaluate the performance of the LCUs, not only the irradiance but also the spectral output should be monitored, especially in the case of polywave LED LCUs, where multiple spectral peaks are present.
참고문헌 (22)
- Frederick A. Rueggeberg, "State-of-the-art: Dental photocuring—A review", Dental Materials, 27(1), pp.39~52 (2011), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Frederick Allen RUEGGEBERG, "Light curing in dentistry and clinical implications: a literature review", Brazilian Oral Research, 31(Suppl 1), pp.e61~ (2017), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Xinqing Hao, "A survey of power density of light-curing units used in private dental offices in Changchun City, China", Lasers in Medical Science, 30(2), pp.493~497 (2015), Springer Science and Business Media LLC[DOI]
- B Pelissier, "Three generations of led lights and clinical implications for optimizing their use. 1: from past to present", Dental Update, 38(10), pp.660~670 (2011), Mark Allen Group[DOI]
- Alexander Uhl, "Second generation LEDs for the polymerization of oral biomaterials", Dental Materials, 20(1), pp.80~87 (2004), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Carlos José Soares, "An Evaluation of the Light Output from 22 Contemporary Light Curing Units", Brazilian Dental Journal, 28(3), pp.362~371 (2017), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Park LC, "The condition of light curing units used in dental clinics in Seoul, Korea", J Korean Res Soc Dent Mater, 22, pp.159~166 (1995)
- Ghada A. Maghaireh, "Assessing the irradiance delivered from light-curing units in private dental offices in Jordan", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 144(8), pp.922~927 (2013), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- Ernst CP, "Visible light curing devices-irradiance and use in 302 German dental offices", J Adhes Dent, 20, pp.41~55 (2018)[DOI]
- 장훈상, "감염 조절용 차단막의 두께가 광중합기의 중합광에 미치는 영향", Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics, 35(5), pp.368~373 (2010), 대한치과보존학회
- In-Nam Hwang, "Effect of a multi-layer infection control barrier on the micro-hardness of a composite resin", Journal of Applied Oral Science, 20(5), pp.576~580 (2012), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]
- Miyazaki M, "Evaluation of curing units used in private dental offices", Oper Dent, 23, pp.50~54 (1998)
- El-Mowafy O, "Efficacy of halogen photopolymerization units in private dental offices in Toronto", J Can Dent Assoc, 71, pp.587~ (2005)
- A. Peutzfeldt, "Resin Composite Properties and Energy Density of Light Cure", Journal of Dental Research, 84(7), pp.659~662 (2005), SAGE Publications[DOI]
- Seth S, "Effect of instruction on dental students’ ability to light-cure a simulated restoration", J Can Dent Assoc, 78, pp.c123~ (2012)
- 심영보, "임상가가 알아두면 유용한 LED 광중합기의 특성과 세대별 분류", 구강회복응용과학지, 33(4), pp.245~251 (2017), 대한턱관절교합학회[DOI]
- P.L. Fan, "Irradiance of visible light-curing units and voltage variation effects", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 115(3), pp.442~445 (1987), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- P.L. FAN, "Curing-light intensity and depth of cure of resin-based composites tested according to international standards", The Journal of the American Dental Association, 133(4), pp.429~434 (2002), Elsevier BV[DOI]
- MM Al Shaafi, "Evaluation of Light Intensity Output of QTH and LED Curing Devices in Various Governmental Health Institutions", Operative Dentistry, 36(4), pp.356~361 (2011), Operative Dentistry[DOI]
- Yap AU, "Influence of light energy density on effectiveness of composite cure", Oper Dent, 26, pp.460~466 (2001)
- Rueggeberg FA, "Effect of light intensity and exposure duration on cure of resin composite", Oper Dent, 19, pp.26~32 (1994)
- Rafael Silva BEOLCHI, "Changes in irradiance and energy density in relation to different curing distances", Brazilian Oral Research, 29(1), pp.S1806~8324201500 (2015), FapUNIFESP (SciELO)[DOI]