4･19민주항쟁 직후 한국 지식인들의 민주주의 인식 - 자유민주주의와 민주적 사회주의를 중심으로

Abstract

This paper is aimed at analyzing Korean intellectuals how to appropriate the discourse of democracy after democratic struggle at 19 April 1960 in Korea. Liberal democrats were inspired by people’s democratic struggle at 19 April 1960, so they called it ‘civil revolution’. Korean intellectuals had some inferiority complex which ‘underdeveloped’ Korea had not experienced civil revolution ‘developed’ western countries had undergone. Liberal democrats insisted on establishment of representative democracy system for the completion democratic struggle at 19 April 1960 into the revolution. While they criticized people’s democratic movement beyond representative democracy system after April struggle. Their broadside on students’ and laborers’ struggle implied liberal democrat’s fear on people’s democratic movement. Liberal democrat, Ham seok heon was an distinctive figure as he criticized capitalist modernization theory and tried to regard the people(Min Joong) as political subject. He insisted that the revolution should be overturn of people’s mind. In this respect April democratic struggle was failed revolution for him. Through the reflection on April democratic struggle, he urged the people to practice nonviolence revolution beyond the violence of material civilization. Democratic socialists insisted on the abolishment of capitalism. They thought that the principle of free market could hinder the dignity of human and civil liberty. They criticized liberal democrat who considered the democracy represented at April democratic struggle as only ‘liberal democracy’. They named 4･19 ‘democratic revolution’ for democratic socialism. They insisted on the establishment of democratic socialism economy system with industrial nationalization. They didn’t deny self-supporting economy based on the industrialization while they argued the abolition of capitalism.