4월 혁명 전후 정치･사회적 ‘中立化’ 담론의 부상과 굴절
The Emergence and Decline of the Sociopolitical ‘Neutralization’ Discourse around the April Revolution
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Examined in this article is emergence and decline of the sociopolitical ‘Neutralization’ discourse around the April Revolution in 1960. In the 1950s, democracy system in South Korea was disintegrated since Syngman Rhee regime privately mobilized nation apparatus and social organization for its political purpose. In response, insisting on the separation of public and private spheres, intellectuals argued that the former should remain neutral among the latter. This idea has been a historically significant attempt in terms of “Koreanization” of democracy because it was intended to complement contents of democracy system by reflecting the political context in South Korea. The discourse, which based on institutional independence and personnel purge as its two axes, had a profound impact on the reform of Korean society after the April Revolution. Paradoxically, the revolution was also a dramatic trigger for the discourse to be distorted. The very first question raised by the discourse was about the political appropriation of Korean society by the Syngman Rhee regime. However, coupled with the expansion of public participation in politics after the Revolution, a logic that criticizes politicization as a whole was derived. It led the center of discourse in the direction of de-politicization. This shift could justify criticism of liberal democratic intellectuals toward political participation. Paradox that the criticism directed at the subject of political appropriation returned to the object could also be concealed. However, it hastened decline of the discourse. The more the discourse leaned toward direction of de-politics, the further away it was from the political freedom and aspirations of people after the revolution. Eventually, after a short period around the April Revolution, ‘Neutralization’ could no longer cover reformative implications. It implied not only the paradoxical end of the neutralization discourse, but also historical limitation of conservative intellectuals in the 1950’s.
Abstract
Examined in this article is emergence and decline of the sociopolitical ‘Neutralization’ discourse around the April Revolution in 1960. In the 1950s, democracy system in South Korea was disintegrated since Syngman Rhee regime privately mobilized nation apparatus and social organization for its political purpose. In response, insisting on the separation of public and private spheres, intellectuals argued that the former should remain neutral among the latter. This idea has been a historically significant attempt in terms of “Koreanization” of democracy because it was intended to complement contents of democracy system by reflecting the political context in South Korea. The discourse, which based on institutional independence and personnel purge as its two axes, had a profound impact on the reform of Korean society after the April Revolution. Paradoxically, the revolution was also a dramatic trigger for the discourse to be distorted. The very first question raised by the discourse was about the political appropriation of Korean society by the Syngman Rhee regime. However, coupled with the expansion of public participation in politics after the Revolution, a logic that criticizes politicization as a whole was derived. It led the center of discourse in the direction of de-politicization. This shift could justify criticism of liberal democratic intellectuals toward political participation. Paradox that the criticism directed at the subject of political appropriation returned to the object could also be concealed. However, it hastened decline of the discourse. The more the discourse leaned toward direction of de-politics, the further away it was from the political freedom and aspirations of people after the revolution. Eventually, after a short period around the April Revolution, ‘Neutralization’ could no longer cover reformative implications. It implied not only the paradoxical end of the neutralization discourse, but also historical limitation of conservative intellectuals in the 1950’s.
참고문헌 (54)
- "경향신문", ~
- "국민보", ~
- "군경행정신문", ~
- "동아일보", ~
- "마산일보", ~
- "민족일보", ~
- "서울매일신문", ~
- "조선일보", ~
- "한국일보", ~
- "국회보", ~
- "금융", ~
- "법정", ~
- "법제월보", ~
- "사상계", ~
- "새벽", ~
- "신세계", ~
- "인물계", ~
- "재정", ~
- "화백", ~
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