SDGs와 인권 그리고 파리협정의 관계에 관한 소고(小考)
Connections between Sustainable Development Goals(SDGs), Human Rights and Paris Agreement
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SDGs는 성 평등 달성 및 모든 여성과 소녀의 역량 강화를 포함하여 모든 사람의인권을 실현하는 것을 추구한다. 국제인권법에 근거한 SDGs는 차별 없이 전 세계 모든사람의 인권 실현을 더욱 발전시킬 수 있는 중요한 기회를 제공한다. SDGs는 국제사회의 공동목표에 해당하는 경제문제, 사회문제뿐만 아니라 환경문제에 이르기까지 인류의 보편적 문제를 담고 있는 헌장이며 의제이며 행동계획이다. 17개의 목표(Goals)와169개의 세부목표(targets)에 직간접적으로 다양한 인권을 포함하고 있다. 인권 원칙과기준은 SDGs에 강하게 반영되어 있다. SDGs는 단순한 정치적 선언이 아니라 국가들이이행해야 할 목표이다. SDGs가 세계인권선언을 비롯한 주요 국제인권조약에 근거하고있는 바, 이는 국제인권 규범 및 메커니즘이 SDGs 이행에 있어서 방향 설정 및 지침으로서 역할을 할 수 있다. SDGs는 규범적 공백 상태에서 만들어진 것이 아니라 기존의 여러 국제 법률 문서들특히 다양한 국제인권조약과 국제환경협정에 명시된 공약들을 기반으로 하고 있다. 여러 목표와 세부목표가 기존의 국제 협약, 특히 국제인권조약들에서 도출되었다. 그리고 SDGs는 국제법에 대한 공약을 재확인하면서 ‘국제법상의 국가의 권리와 의무와일치하는 방식으로 이행되어야 한다’는 점을 분명히 밝히고 있다. 여기서 SDGs에 대한인권 기반적 접근의 필요성이 존재한다. SDGs의 핵심적인 주제어인 지속가능한 발전과인권은 상호의존적이며 상보적 관계에 있다. 국제법상의 원칙으로 인정되고 있는 지속가능한 발전 개념은 SDGs 뿐만 아니라 기후변화와 관련한 파리협정에서도 주요 개념으로 자리 잡고 있으며, 인권과도 밀접한 관련이 있다. 이 논문은 먼저 2015년에 파리협정 체결 직전에 이루어진 SDGs를 국제법의 또 다른발전이라는 점을 고려하면서, SDGs가 국제법과 깊은 관련성이 있다는 점을 밝히고자한다. 그리고 SDGs가 국제법과 깊은 연관성이 있다는 점을 보여주기 위해 2030 의제의핵심적인 의제인 인권 보호 및 신장, 그리고 환경보호(여기서는 기후변화 대응에 중점을 둠)와 SDGs의 관계를 살펴보고자 한다. SDGs와 파리협정의 연결점인 지속가능한발전은 확실히 인권 요소를 포함하고 있다. 지속가능한 발전을 매개로 SDGs는 인권과통합하고, 파리협정과 연계하고 있다.
Abstract
The SDGs pursue the realization of human rights for all people, including achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls. Grounded in international human rights law, the SDGs offer critical opportunities to further advance the realization of human rights for all people everywhere, without discrimination. The SDGs are a charter, agenda, and action plan that contain universal human issues ranging from economic and social issues to environmental issues, which are common goals of the international community. The 17 goals and 169 targets directly or indirectly include various human rights. The human rights principles and standards are now strongly reflected in the SDGs. Since the SDGs are based on major international human rights treaties including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, international human rights norms and mechanisms can serve as direction and guidance in the implementation of the SDGs. The SDGs were not created in the absence of a normative vacuum, but are based on the commitments made in a number of existing international legal instruments, in particular many international human rights treaties and international environmental agreements. Several goals and targets have been drawn from existing international conventions, especially international human rights treaties. And the SDGs, reaffirming their commitment to international law, make it clear that they “must be implemented in a manner consistent with the rights and obligations of States under international law.” Here, there is a need for a human rights-based approach to the SDGs. The concept of sustainable development, recognized as a principle under international law, is positioned as a key concept in the Paris Agreement on climate change as well as the SDGs, and is closely related to human rights. First of all, this paper aims to clarify that the SDGs are closely related to international law. And in order to show that the SDGs are closely related to international law, I would like to examine the relationship between the key agendas of the 2030 Agenda: protection and promotion of human rights, and environmental protection(with a focus here on responding to climate change) and the SDGs. Sustainable development, the nexus between the SDGs and the Paris Agreement, certainly contains a human rights component. Through sustainable development, the SDGs are integrated with human rights and linked with the Paris Agreement.
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