사회과학에서 퍼지셋 활용의 모색: 퍼지 이상형 분석과 결합 요인 분석을 중심으로
Application of Fuzzy-set Theory in Social Sciences
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최근 양적 연구 방법과 질적 연구 방법에서 눈부신 발전을 이루어왔지만, 여전히 두 방법론이 충분히 다루지 못하는 사각지대가 존재해왔다. 소수보다는 많고 다수는 아닌 사례 수를 가진 연구의 경우 기존 연구방법론을 적용하는 데 한계를 보여 왔다. 이에 대한 대안으로 퍼지셋 이론의 사회과학적 활용이 지난 10년간 도입 및 발전이 되어오고 있다. 본 논문에서는 퍼지셋 분석의 기본적 원리를 소개하고 실제 적용사례를 통하여 이해를 도모하는 데에 목적을 두고 있다. 특히 사회과학에서 핵심적으로 사용되고 있는 퍼지 이상형 분석(fuzzy-set ideal type analysis)과 퍼지셋 질적 비교 분석(Fuzzy-set/qualitative comparative analysis)을 연구사례를 활용하여 소개한다. 마지막으로는 퍼지셋이 사회과학에서 어떻게 유용하게 사용될 수 있을지와 어떠한 한계점들이 있을 수 있는지에 대해서 간략하게 논의한다. 결론적으로 여전히 이론과 방법론적 측면에서 세밀하게 다듬고 발전시켜야할 부분이 많이 존재하고 있으나, 퍼지셋은 행정학과 정책학을 포함하는 사회과학에서 광범위하게 활용될 수 있는 가능성이 있다.
Abstract
Although there have been remarkable developments in both quantitative and qualitative research methods, limitations have remained in researching the intermediate number of cases. In response, fuzzy-set theory has been introduced and developed as an alternative in social sciences. This article aims to introduce basic principles of the fuzzy-set theory and two most frequently used methods: fuzzy-set ideal type analysis and fuzzy-set/ qualitative comparative analysis(fs/qca). It also aims to enhance the understanding of the fuzzy-set analysis by providing two case studies: pension regimes in OECD countries and pension reforms in East Asia. Finally, it briefly discusses the potential and limitations of the fuzzy-set analysis in social sciences. It argues that although much further work should be done to develop the fuzzy-set analysis, it has a great potential to be widely used in social sciences including public administration and public policy studies.
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